In this paper a low profile patch antenna has been designed for 5G communication application. The resonating frequency has been chosen as 3.5 GHz for 5G application. FR4 epoxy material with permittivity of 4.3 has been chosen for the substrate material which has fire redundant property. The size of the substrate is 25.2×48 mm2. The main radiating patch is in a shape of ellipse and the line feed technique is used. The simulation is done by CST microwave studio software. Different parameters like S-Parameter, Antenna Gain, Directivity, Efficiency has been observed. The antenna has a gain of more than 5 dB which is very useful for communication applications. The antenna is designed for 5G communication applications.
The ASEAN region has been experiencing a robust economic growth in the past decades and the economy is expected to expand further for the next few decades. To satisfy the thirst brought about by the economic growth, primary energy demand in the region is expected tripled its value, mainly due to progress of industrialization and motorization. An increase of energy requirement in the region will necessitate some of the energy demand to be met through imported energy sources. This highly dependency of energy import resources is a signal to policy makers to address the burgeoning concerns of the energy issues in the region. Therefore revising existing and formulating new policies are crucial to improve the energy supply security of the region. This paper looks into the challenges of the energy security in Southeast Asia by identifying the energy gaps challenges on the availability of energy resources and the energy supply and demand projection up to 2050. Finally this paper will discuss on the issues on energy governance in the region for the purpose of enhancing its energy security level.
Renewable solar energy is the key target to reduce fossil fuel consumption, minimize global warming issues, and indirectly minimizes erratic weather patterns. Herein, the authors synthesized an ultrathin reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheet with ~47 nm via an improved Hummer’s method. The TiO2 was deposited by RF sputtering onto an rGO nanosheet with a variation of temperature to enhance the photogenerated electron or charge carrier mobility transport for the photoanode component. The morphology, topologies, element composition, crystallinity as well as dye-sensitized solar cells’ (DSSCs) performance were determined accordingly. Based on the results, FTIR spectra revealed presence of Ti-O-C bonds in every rGO-TiO2 nanocomposite samples at 800 cm–1. Besides, XRD revealed that a broad peak of anatase TiO2 was detected at ~25.4° after incorporation with the rGO. Furthermore, it was discovered that sputtering temperature of 120 °C created a desired power conversion energy (PCE) of 7.27% based on the J-V plot. Further increase of the sputtering temperature to 160 °C and 200 °C led to excessive TiO2 growth on the rGO nanosheet, thus resulting in undesirable charge recombination formed at the photoanode in the DSSC device.
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