The advancement of science health care provided an increase in drug manufacturing, which in most cases, after the losers, are discarded improperly, usually in the trash. These residues, when in contact with the soil and water, can cause contamination, that even in a network of sewage treatment are not completely eliminated. The aim was to study the disposal given to expired medicines used at homes. For this was made a behavioral research with undergraduate and technicians students located in region of Paulínia, in Sao Paulo. Additionally, were collected information about the degree of knowledge of target on the existence of suitable sites for disposal of medicines and public awareness programs.The results indicate that most people discard medicines improperly by lack of information on the subject.Keywords: environmental pollution; drugs disposal; solid waste pharmaceutical.
INTRODUÇÃOO avanço da ciência na área da saúde e as pesquisas de novos tratamentos trouxeram benefícios incontestáveis à população, o que também proporcionou um aumento considerável na fabricação de novas fórmulas e na quantidade de medicamentos disponíveis para comercialização e consumo.A cultura brasileira de automedicação e a fácil aquisição desses produtos acabaram por gerar nas residências brasileiras um acúmulo de medicamentos. As "farmacinhas caseiras", como são conhecidas, geralmente contêm algumas fórmulas reservadas às emergências (antigripal, analgésicos, antitérmicos), vendidas sem receita médica, mas também é muito comum conter sobras de medicamentos controlados
Distilled glycerides are obtained through distillation of the system mono-diglycerides which is produced from the esterification reaction between a triglyceride with glycerol. In this work, monoglycerides (MG) and diglycerides (DG) are produced through lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis of soybean oil using Candida antarctica B in a solvent-free system. To separate the products of the reaction in order to obtain essentially MG and an oil of DG, it is necessary to use a suitable process in order to preserve the stability of the components and to keep the products free of inappropriate solvents. So, after 24 h of enzymatic reaction, the mixture of acylglycerols and fatty acids was distilled into a centrifugal molecular distiller, since it provides a free solvent and lower temperature environment to increase the desired product concentration. Starting from a material with 25.06% of triglycerides (TG), 46.63% of DG, 21.72% of MG, 5.38% of free fatty acids (FFA), and 1.21% of glycerol, the MG purity in the distillate stream was 80% at evaporator temperature (T (E)) equal to 250 degrees C and feed flow rate (Q) equal to 10.0 mL/min. At these conditions, the MG recovery was 35%. The material collected in the residue stream presented DG-enriched oil with TG unhydrolyzed, residual MG, and low acidity (29.83% of TG, 53.20% of DG, 15.64% of MG, and 1.33% of FFA), which is suitable to replace TG oil in the human diet.
Binodal curves of systems involved in the production of soybean oil biodiesel and castor oil biodiesel were obtained at different temperatures by the titration method under isothermal conditions. The measurements allow the analysis of the mutual solubility of the compounds present after the transesterification reaction and supply data for the process of separation and purification of biodiesel. The systems studied were soybean oil biodiesel + glycerol + ethanol at temperatures of (298.15, 333.15, and 343.15) K, soybean oil biodiesel + ethanol + water at temperatures of (298.15 and 323.15) K, and castor oil biodiesel + ethanol + glycerol to 333.15 K. The highest levels of biodiesel were obtained at 298.15 K, although small changes in temperature did not significantly affect the system behavior. The two-phase region for the system of ethanol + biodiesel + glycerol at 333.15 K using soybean oil as raw material was bigger than the two-phase region using castor oil, which allows us to separate higher amounts of biodiesel after the transesterification reaction at the stage of interest.
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