Recombinant protein-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are needed to fill the vaccine equity gap. Because protein-subunit based vaccines are easier and cheaper to produce and do not require special storage/transportation conditions, they are suitable for low-/middle-income countries. Here, we report our vaccine development studies with the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Plus strain (RBD-DP) which caused increased hospitalizations compared to other variants. First, we expressed RBD-DP in the Pichia pastoris yeast system and upscaled it to a 5-L fermenter for production. After three-step purification, we obtained RBD-DP with > 95% purity from a protein yield of > 1 g/L of supernatant. Several biophysical and biochemical characterizations were performed to confirm its identity, stability, and functionality. Then, it was formulated in different contents with Alum and CpG for mice immunization. After three doses of immunization, IgG titers from sera reached to > 106 and most importantly it showed high T-cell responses which are required for an effective vaccine to prevent severe COVID-19 disease. A live neutralization test was performed with both the Wuhan strain (B.1.1.7) and Delta strain (B.1.617.2) and it showed high neutralization antibody content for both strains. A challenge study with SARS-CoV-2 infected K18-hACE2 transgenic mice showed good immunoprotective activity with no viruses in the lungs and no lung inflammation for all immunized mice.
Periodontal diseases are the most common diseases in veterinary medicine. The first clinical finding is chewing difficulty, saliva flow and bad oral odor. It further develops into plaque and tartar formation, gingival inflammation and hemorrhagic appearance of the gingiva, periodontal pockets formation, alveolar bone resorption and tooth loss. In this study an evaluation has been made to determine which degree reflects on the parameters of systemic inflammatory reaction with special attention to IL-6 (Interleukine-6), CRP (C-reactive protein), osteopontin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Ig (Immunglobulins = Total protein – Albumin) and hematological parameters in dogs with periodontitis. Two groups have been defined in this study. The first group included 10 healthy and owned dogs as a control group. The second group consisted of 10 owned dogs with moderate-severe periodontitis. The difference between monocyte (p <0.001) and neutrophil (p <0.05) counts was found to be significant. In addition, the difference between SOD, MDA, glutathione peroxidase, CRP, IL-6 measurements in group 1 and group 2 was significant. (p <0.001). The level of osteopontin in moderate-severe periodontitis cases was found significantly higher than the level measured in the healthy group. Measured values in the moderate-severe periodontitis cases are higher than the healthy group in terms of CRP, IL-6, and osteopontin levels. Increasing severity of periodontitis was associated with changes in oxidative stress parameters: increased MDA, decreased SOD and glutathione peroxidase levels. These differences provide important information about the evaluation of the cellular responses. There is a need for continued research into the systemic impact of periodontal disease.
ÖzetBu çalışmada, CRP (C reaktif protein), albumin ve total protein değerleri ve CBC (tam kan sayımı) düzeyleri kullanılarak, hastanın sistemik inflamatuar durumunun değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Bu çalışmada, gingivitisli 10 ve sağlıklı 10 olmak üzere toplam 20 köpek kullanıldı. Gingivitis tanısı, klinik bulgulara (diş plakları, diş etinde kızarıklık ve ödem) dayalı olarak konuldu. Anamnezde, köpeklerde beslenme sonrası ağız bakımı (su içirme, diş fırçalama veya diş sağlığı gıdası veya kemirme malzemesi verme) yapılıp yapılmadığı ve hastaların ağızla ilgili şikayetlerinin bulunup bulunmadığı (çiğneme güçlüğü, aşırı salya akışı, ağız kokusu) soruldu. Fiziksel muayenede beden sıcaklığı, nabız ve solunum sayıları saptandı. Submandibular lenf yumrusu muayene edildi. Hasta ve sağlıklı her köpekten antikoagulansız tüplere 5'er mL kan ve EDTA'lı tüplere 2'şer mL kan alındı. Hastalardaki CRP, albumin, total protein değerleri ve CBC sağlıklı olgularla karşılaştırılarak değerlendirildi. Hastalarda klinik muayene bulgularına göre hafif-orta derecede gingivitis tanısı konuldu. Hastalarda her yemek sonrası ağız bakımı ile ilgili hiçbir özel uygulamanın yapılmadığı, hastalarda ağız kokusunun bulunduğu ve kuru gıdaları çiğnemede güçlük çektikleri öğrenildi. Yapılan fiziksel muayenede; hastaların tamamında diş plağı, diş eti kızarıklığı ve ödem ile ağız kokusu belirlendi. Beden sıcaklığı, solunum ve nabız sayıları normal sınırlardaydı. Submandibular lenf yumruları büyümemişti. Sağlıklı köpeklerde diş eti ile ilgili bir sorun bulunmamaktaydı. Hafif-orta derecede gingivitisli ve submandibular lenf yumrusu büyümemiş köpeklerde, CRP, albumin, total protein ve CBC de istatistiksel olarak önemli değişiklikler bulunmadı. Anahtar sözcükler: Albumin, CBC, CRP, Gingivitis, Köpek, Total protein Evaluation of Some Systemic Inflammatory Parameters in Dogs with Gingivitis AbstractIn this study, it is aimed to evaluate the patient's systemic inflammatory condition, by estimating CRP, albumin, total protein values and CBC. These results were compared with inflammatory condition of the gums. In this study, a total of 20 dogs, including 10 dogs with gingivitis, and 10 healthy dogs, were used. Diagnosis was established based on the clinical findings (dental plaque, redness and edema in the gum). In history, the owners was asked if any oral care application was performed after each meal (drinking water, brushing dog's teeth, eating dental care food or giving chewing material), and if there is any mouth-related complaints (chewing difficulty, excessive saliva flow and halitosis). On physical examination; body temperature, pulse, and respiration rates were detected, submandibular lymph node was examined. From each patient and healthy dog, 5 mL blood to the tubes without coagulant, and 2 mL blood to the tubes with EDTA were taken. CRP, albumin and total protein values, and CBC were evaluated by comparing with those in healthy ones. Based on the clinical findings, mild-to-moderate gingivitis was diagnosed in patients. It was learned that patients have...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.