Periodontal diseases are the most common diseases in veterinary medicine. The first clinical finding is chewing difficulty, saliva flow and bad oral odor. It further develops into plaque and tartar formation, gingival inflammation and hemorrhagic appearance of the gingiva, periodontal pockets formation, alveolar bone resorption and tooth loss. In this study an evaluation has been made to determine which degree reflects on the parameters of systemic inflammatory reaction with special attention to IL-6 (Interleukine-6), CRP (C-reactive protein), osteopontin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Ig (Immunglobulins = Total protein – Albumin) and hematological parameters in dogs with periodontitis. Two groups have been defined in this study. The first group included 10 healthy and owned dogs as a control group. The second group consisted of 10 owned dogs with moderate-severe periodontitis. The difference between monocyte (p <0.001) and neutrophil (p <0.05) counts was found to be significant. In addition, the difference between SOD, MDA, glutathione peroxidase, CRP, IL-6 measurements in group 1 and group 2 was significant. (p <0.001). The level of osteopontin in moderate-severe periodontitis cases was found significantly higher than the level measured in the healthy group. Measured values in the moderate-severe periodontitis cases are higher than the healthy group in terms of CRP, IL-6, and osteopontin levels. Increasing severity of periodontitis was associated with changes in oxidative stress parameters: increased MDA, decreased SOD and glutathione peroxidase levels. These differences provide important information about the evaluation of the cellular responses. There is a need for continued research into the systemic impact of periodontal disease.

Öz: Flor halojen ailesinin bir üyesi olup elektronegatifliği yüksek bir elementtir. Florun organizmaya ve hücre içerisine girişiyle süper oksit üretimi artar. Bunun sonucunda ortaya çıkan hidrojen peroksit, peroksinitrit ve hidroksil radikalleri florun reaktif oksijen türleri (ROS) ile ilişkisinde belirleyici rol oynar. ROS'daki artış lipid, protein ve DNA moleküllerinde yıkımlanmaya sebep olur. Florid İle temas sonucunda vücutta stres cevabı faktörlerinde, sinyal transdüksiyon bileşiklerinde, ve apopitozisle ilişkili proteinleri kodlayan gen ekspresyon düzeylerinde artış ortaya çıkar. Florun hücresel düzeydeki bu etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi, Türkiye'de var olan florozis sorununa yeni çözüm önerilebilmesi açısından önem arz etmektedir.

Öz: Flor kimyasal reaktivitesi yüksek bir elementtir. Bu element toprak, kaya, kil, kömür, su ve havada iyonlar ve bileşikler halinde bulunur. Endüstriyel florozis ve doğal afetler sonucu toprak ve sudaki flor konsantrasyonunun artmasına bağlı flor zehirlenmeleri meydana gelmektedir. Organik florürler surfaktan, fiber, membran, pestisit, fungusit, uranyum, ilaç, tomografik görüntüleme maddesi ve diş bakım ürünü üretiminde kullanılmaktadır. Bu elementin uzun süreli alınan günlük miktarı güvenli eşiği aştığı takdirde florozis olarak bilinen kronik flor zehirlenmesi ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ülkemizde, bugüne kadar yapılan çalışmalarda Muğla, Eskişehir, Kırşehir, Çorum, Ankara, Konya, Hatay, Van ve Ağrı illerinde su, toprak, bitki, koyun idrarı, diş ve kemik örneklerinde flor düzeyleri belirlenmiş ve flor zehirlenmesi hakkında değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamdaki bilgi birikiminin özlü bir şekilde bir araya getirilmesinin güncel durumu ortaya koyacağı ve bu konuda yapılabilecek çalışmalara katkı sağlayabileceği kanaatindeyiz.Anahtar Kelimeler: Florozis, Türkiye. Fluorosis Problem in Turkey and Biochemical Interaction of FluorineAbstract: Fluorine is a highly reactive chemical element. This element is present in soil, rock, clay, coal, water and air as ions and compounds. Organic fluorides are being used in the production of surfactant, fibers, membrane, pesticide, fungicide, uranium, drug, tomographic imaging agent and dentifrice. In various studies carried out in our country, natural and industrial fluorosis and fluoride-induced biochemical changes in animals were studied. In our country, Muğla, Eskişehir, Kırşehir, Çorum, Ankara, Konya, Hatay, Van and Ağrı cities and water, soil, plant sheep urine, tooth and bone materials examined for fluor amount despite the long work done over the years, some of the effects of fluoride on the body is still not fully explained. Therefore, to be useful to make a compilation about the characteristics of fluorine, and its' presence in the nature, and its' biodynamics and effects in the body, was thought.

ÖzetBu çalışmada, CRP (C reaktif protein), albumin ve total protein değerleri ve CBC (tam kan sayımı) düzeyleri kullanılarak, hastanın sistemik inflamatuar durumunun değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Bu çalışmada, gingivitisli 10 ve sağlıklı 10 olmak üzere toplam 20 köpek kullanıldı. Gingivitis tanısı, klinik bulgulara (diş plakları, diş etinde kızarıklık ve ödem) dayalı olarak konuldu. Anamnezde, köpeklerde beslenme sonrası ağız bakımı (su içirme, diş fırçalama veya diş sağlığı gıdası veya kemirme malzemesi verme) yapılıp yapılmadığı ve hastaların ağızla ilgili şikayetlerinin bulunup bulunmadığı (çiğneme güçlüğü, aşırı salya akışı, ağız kokusu) soruldu. Fiziksel muayenede beden sıcaklığı, nabız ve solunum sayıları saptandı. Submandibular lenf yumrusu muayene edildi. Hasta ve sağlıklı her köpekten antikoagulansız tüplere 5'er mL kan ve EDTA'lı tüplere 2'şer mL kan alındı. Hastalardaki CRP, albumin, total protein değerleri ve CBC sağlıklı olgularla karşılaştırılarak değerlendirildi. Hastalarda klinik muayene bulgularına göre hafif-orta derecede gingivitis tanısı konuldu. Hastalarda her yemek sonrası ağız bakımı ile ilgili hiçbir özel uygulamanın yapılmadığı, hastalarda ağız kokusunun bulunduğu ve kuru gıdaları çiğnemede güçlük çektikleri öğrenildi. Yapılan fiziksel muayenede; hastaların tamamında diş plağı, diş eti kızarıklığı ve ödem ile ağız kokusu belirlendi. Beden sıcaklığı, solunum ve nabız sayıları normal sınırlardaydı. Submandibular lenf yumruları büyümemişti. Sağlıklı köpeklerde diş eti ile ilgili bir sorun bulunmamaktaydı. Hafif-orta derecede gingivitisli ve submandibular lenf yumrusu büyümemiş köpeklerde, CRP, albumin, total protein ve CBC de istatistiksel olarak önemli değişiklikler bulunmadı. Anahtar sözcükler: Albumin, CBC, CRP, Gingivitis, Köpek, Total protein Evaluation of Some Systemic Inflammatory Parameters in Dogs with Gingivitis AbstractIn this study, it is aimed to evaluate the patient's systemic inflammatory condition, by estimating CRP, albumin, total protein values and CBC. These results were compared with inflammatory condition of the gums. In this study, a total of 20 dogs, including 10 dogs with gingivitis, and 10 healthy dogs, were used. Diagnosis was established based on the clinical findings (dental plaque, redness and edema in the gum). In history, the owners was asked if any oral care application was performed after each meal (drinking water, brushing dog's teeth, eating dental care food or giving chewing material), and if there is any mouth-related complaints (chewing difficulty, excessive saliva flow and halitosis). On physical examination; body temperature, pulse, and respiration rates were detected, submandibular lymph node was examined. From each patient and healthy dog, 5 mL blood to the tubes without coagulant, and 2 mL blood to the tubes with EDTA were taken. CRP, albumin and total protein values, and CBC were evaluated by comparing with those in healthy ones. Based on the clinical findings, mild-to-moderate gingivitis was diagnosed in patients. It was learned that patients have...

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Abstract:Silymarin is from the seeds of S.marinaceous plant which is liver protective agent used in various diseases like cirrhosis, toxic chemicals, hepatitis. Previous researches have reported effects anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, anti-carcinogenic, antiviral, anti-fibrotic and antiangiogenic although Silymarin mechanism is still not fully understood. We aimed to determine this flavonoid role on different cancer type. In study, Silymarin was investigated on colon adenocarcinoma. Cytotoxic effects of Silymarin on Caco-2 cells were determined by MTT. Time-dependent and varied concentrations were evaluated. Optimal activity was found after 100 µM. Specifically, we applied AgNOR technique with 100 µM by 48 h. AgNOR proteins are indicator of cellular proliferation. AgNOR staining was performed by Perle-Lindnerin protocol following cell fixation. AgNOR number and total AgNOR area/nuclear area (TAA/NA) values were calculated. The flavonoid showed cytotoxic and apoptotic effects though. There wasn't statistically significant difference total AgNOR numbers of experimental group compare to control. Although viewed decrease among TAA/NA values of increased Silymarin administration. This indicate certain amount of Silymarin has protective effect against human colon cancer depending concentration. Further studies at molecular level are required to support our findings and AgNOR can be used as indirect marker to determine treatment strategy and prognosis of cancer by nucleus condition in single cell.

Tocopherols, the major forms of vitamin E, are a family of fat-soluble phenolic compounds. Each tocopherol contains a chromanol ring system and a phytyl chain containing 16 carbons. Tocopherols, as effective antioxidants, have been proposed to protect against carcinogenesis. Colon carsinoma cell line were treated with tocopherol-α (0, 3.12, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 uM). Cell viability and migration were examined. Cell viability was determined MTT assay and cell migration was determined by wound healing assay. Caco-2 cells were treated with for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h incubation. There is a significant decrease was observed at 50, 100 and 200 µM for 48 h and 72 h incubation on cell viability in the MTT assay. Wound healing method observed decrease on migration at 12, 5, 25 and 50 µM in 24 h. These results suggest that tocopherol-α have promising antiproliferative effect on cell viability for research on cancer.

Alpha tocopherol is the most common and biologically active form of Vitamin E. The aim of this study was to evaulate the possible antiproliferative effect of alpha tocopherol on F-98 Glioblastoma cells. F-98 glioblastoma cell line was seeded at a density of 50.000/mL per well in 96 well plates in 100 µL medium DMEM. Cells treated with Alpha tocopherol (200,100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.2, 3.3 µM) for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h incubation. Measurement of Alpha tocopherol treated and control groups' cell proliferation performed with MTT assay and Wound Healing assay was employed to show migration capacity. MTT Assay data shown are there was significant change in cell viability in 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. However significant decrease was observed at 50, 100 and 200 µM. In the present study, antiproliferative effect of alpha tocopherol was observed via wound healing assay. Our results here show that Alpha Tocopherol maybe a possible avenue for brain cancer treatment.