Many plants have not been investigated thoroughly, which are used traditionally as a medicine to cure various diseases. Herbal plants play a vital role in the development of new drugs which can be used for various therapeutic indications. Mesua ferrea linn., commonly known as 'Nagchampa' or 'Nagkesar', is one such herbal plant having many potential therapeutic activities. It is used in diseases like rheumatism, asthma, inflammation, fever, dyspepsia, renal diseases, dysentery, bleeding piles, a bacterial and fungal infection. This plant possesses many bioactive chemical constituents like coumarins, xanthones, pyranoxanthones, flavonoids, terpenoids and steroids which can be easily isolated. It can act as precursors on many ailments. These bioactive constituents have many pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritis, analgesic, diuretic, anti-hemorrhoid, antiulcer and many more. Almost every part of the plant is reported to have beneficial medicinal properties. But further studies are still needed to explore the pharmacological activities of Mesua ferrea linn. plant so as to gain benefit for the treatment of various diseases. This review highlights the general description, phytochemical profiling, traditional uses and proven pharmacological attributes of Mesua ferrea linn. plant.

Tribulus terrestris and Pedalium murex are the two popular herbal plants originated from a very famous Ayurvedic plant named Gokshuru. These plants are well known for their medicinal importance. In Ayurveda, T. terrestris is known as laghu gokhshuru and P. murex is known as brihat gokshuru. The fruits of T. terrestris plant are slightly astringent in taste while the fruits of P. murex are somewhat sweeter in taste. The fruits are used to treat various diseases such as urinary disorder adrenal stone. In this current paper, we have discussed the pharmacological, Ayurvedic and folk uses of these plants in every region of the world. From various reported studies, it was found that the T. terrestris plant carries much medicinal importance while the P. murex fruits is only used as a substitute or as an adulterant of the T. terrestris plant. It was found that the T. terrestris plant is mainly used to cure urinogenital disorders and kidney disorders such as renal and gall bladder stone. On the other hand, the P. murex plant carries aphrodisiac property and mainly used to cure sexual disorders like infertility, erectile dysfunctioning in both male and females. It was also found that these plants have some similar phytochemical constituents which possess aphrodisiac, anti-inflammatory, demulcent, diuretic properties, and also used to cure other diseases such as cough, asthma, cardiac disease, vesical calculi, and gall bladder stone. These plants are known for major therapeutic properties such as anti-ulcerative, antiurolithic, anticancer, aphrodisiac, analgesic, stomachic, anti-hypertensive, diuretic, urinary anti-infective, cardio tonic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, nephroprotective, antispasmodic, anthelmintic, and anti-carcinogenic.

It is recommended by the World health organization (WHO) that most of the world's population depends on herbal medicine for their health care. Nigella sativa is commonly known as a Black seed, Black cumin or 'Habbatul Barakah' i.e. an annual herb possessing a wide range of medicinal uses apart from its commercial significance as a spice yielding plant. It has long been used in the folk medicine system of the Arabian Gulf region, Far East Asia, and Europe. Seeds and oils of N. Sativa are the primary medicinal source from ancient times. It is one of the most common herbal plants used worldwide and possesses various chemical constituents such as thymoquinone, thymohydroquinone, dithymoquinone, thymol, nigellicine, carvacrol, nigellicine, nigllimine, nigellidine, and alpha-hederin. There are more than 100 constituents isolated from the plant. These chemical compounds have many pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, wound healing effect and also for acne vulgaris, skin cancer, pigmentation and many other cosmeceutical properties. Much scientific research on N. sativa has been conducted over the last five decades to investigate chemical and pharmacological properties. In this review, the phytochemicals, pharmacological properties, Ayurvedic properties and folk uses of Nigella sativa are briefly explained. Keywords: Nigella sativa, Kalonji, Antinephrotic, Immunomodulary, Black cumin.

Woodfordia fruticosa kurz is an herbal plant that belongs to the family Lythraceae. This plant is widely distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of India, Sri Lanka, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Japan and Pakistan. The plant possesses a long history of medicinal use. The flowers of Woodfordia fruticosa are recorded to possess potent therapeutic values. The various phytochemicals isolated from this plant are tannins, flavonoids, anthraquinone, glycosides and polyphenols. The extract of flowers and leaves are associated with useful therapeutic activities. These phytochemical compounds have many pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, antiulcer, immunomodulatory, antifertility and anti-tumor.  These pharmacological activities of Woodfordia fruticosa plant are also mentioned in the literature of ayurveda, yunani and other traditional systems of medicine. This review is intended to provide brief information on the plant Woodfordia fruticosa on the basis of chemical constituents, folk usage, ayurvedic usage, modern usage and its biological activities.  Keywords: Woodfordia fruticosa, antimicrobial, Ayurvedic, flavonoids, Octacosanol

Cinnamomum zeylanicum is a widely utilized condiment for its therapeutic uses since ancient times. It is indigenous to Sri Lanka and Southern India. Cinnamon is one of the ancient spice which belongs to the Lauraceae family. In the modern era, it is widely used in industrial products like candies, chewing gums, mouthwash, and toothpaste. It is a well-considered plant remedy used in the treatment of many diseases in a traditional system like Ayurveda and the Folk system of medicine. It is used in many polyherbal formulations for curing various ailments. The plant is enriched with many vital oils and other derivatives such as cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, and cinnamate. Eugenol is the active principle constituent associated with many biological activities. The main therapeutic actions of the plant are antimicrobial, wound healing, antidiabetic, anti-HIV, anti-anxiety, and anti-Parkinson’s. The present review has summarized the therapeutic and pharmacological value of Cinnamomum zeylanicum along with its utilization in the Folklore medicinal system.

Herbal plants have been a significant source of therapeutic agents to cure human diseases. Plants are being in use for treating various kinds of diseases across the world. Terminalia arjuna is a widely used herbal plant since ancient times. The ancient indian practitioners utilized the powdered tree bark of arjuna for the treatment of "hritshool" (angina) and other cardiovascular problems. Terminalia arjuna is regionally called as arjuna which belongs to the combretaceae family. The plant is utilized as a medicine in the various indigenous system like ayurveda, siddha and unani. Arjunic acid, arjunolic acid, arjungenin, arjunone, arjunolone and luteolin, gallic acid, ellagic acid, oligomeric proanthocyanidins (opcs), phytosterols are the major phytoconstituents of Terminalia arjuna that possesses many useful biological properties like anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifeedant, cardio protective, etc. Various clinical evidence of Terminalia arjuna and its beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. The present review is summarizing the phytomedicinal value of Terminalia arjuna in ayurveda and the folk system of medicine.

Herbal plants have been used in the health maintenance customs since the origin of mankind. The herbal products have negligible adverse impacts on the consumer health because they have suitable and beneficial physiological actions on the living systems. Traditional systems of medication primarily use plants in their practices. The market demand of these plant based products has been increased over the past few years. Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth is one of the most established herbal plants with extraordinary medicinal properties. It belongs to Scrophulariaceae family and commonly called as Kutki. Picrorhiza kurroa is also called as bitter drug due to presence of Kutkin, principle phytochemical constituent of this medicinal plant. It is used in Ayurveda and folk system for treating liver related disorders and used as a remedy for jaundice, malaria, cut, wounds, snake bites etc. Its main therapeutic properties are antimalarial, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anticancer, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory etc. The aim of present review is to provide information related to phytochemistry, traditional uses in Ayurveda and folk medicinal system and therapeutic properties of Picrorhiza kurroa. Keywords: Kutki, Kutkin, Rasapanchak, Hepatoprotective, Antimalarial.

In Ayurveda, a wide variety of neuroprotective herbal plants have been reported. Brahmi, Bacopa monnieri, belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae, is one of the foremost nootropic and neuroprotective Ayurvedic herb known from ancient times. It is used in the traditional medicinal system to treat various brain related health problems and as a memory enhancer. In the modern era, it is generally used to upgrade memory, learning and to treat tension, depression and other major problems like cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal, hepatic, neurological and respiratory problems. There are vast reported studies on the Alzheimer's disease also, Brahmi is known to have anticancer, antidiabetic, mitigating, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Bacopa plants contain various phytochemicals which include alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and saponins. Other important constituents present in this plant are bacosides, bacopasides, and bacopa saponins, which are responsible for its therapeutic properties.