Este estudo objetivou identificar e analisar características socioeconômicas, comportamentais e biológicas de mulheres com câncer de colo uterino que utilizaram os serviços públicos de saúde em um município do sul do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo com vinte mulheres com diagnóstico de câncer de colo uterino. A pesquisa teve como suporte teórico a integralidade da atenção à saúde. Para coleta dos dados, utilizamos as informações do Sistema de Informações do Câncer do Colo do Útero e entrevista semiestruturada. Foram identificadas características de faixa etária, escolaridade, frequência à consulta médica e intervalo de realização do exame preventivo. Os achados mostram que as mulheres ainda apresentam dificuldade em considerar a importância do pré-câncer para detecção precoce e prevenção do câncer de colo uterino. O desafio para o alcance da integralidade está na necessidade de repensar saberes e práticas profissionais no cuidado às mulheres, independente do motivo que as levou ao serviço de saúde.

Objective: To estimate the incidence and distribution of the degree of radiodermatitis in cancer patients submitted to radiotherapy in the regions of head and neck, breast, and pelvis. Method: Prospective, longitudinal, quantitative study conducted from March 15, 2016 to May 4, 2017 with patients observed for five weeks of treatment. The primary outcome was the proportion of grade 1 or higher radiodermatitis each week. The degree of radiodermatitis and mean time of occurrence for each patient were secondary outcomes. Results: This study included 112 patients. The incidence of radiodermatitis was 100% among those whose head and neck region was irradiated, followed by 98% for breast and 48% for the pelvic region. The degree of radiodermatitis varied with the irradiated site; the worst degrees were found in the head and neck region, followed by the breast. In the three groups, the mean time of the first occurrence of radiodermatitis was approximately eleven days. Conclusion: The incidence of radiodermatitis in the studied groups was high, which reinforces the need to perform the same evaluation nationwide. This would support creating and standardizing protocols and recommendations for a proper management of radiodermatitis, specially concerning its prevention.

Systematic review and meta-analysis. The data were collected using CINAHL; CENTRAL; MEDLINE/PubMed; and LILACS databases; grey literature; and manual search. The methodological quality was assessed using the modified Jadad scale; Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized clinical trials and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. The search was completed in November, 2015. 26 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Ondansetron exhibited similar efficacy than granisetron and tropisetron, as well as greater efficacy than dolasetron for acute vomiting. Palonosetron exhibited greater efficacy than ondansetron for delayed nausea and acute and delayed vomiting. The comparison of granisetron with ondansetron in the cohort studies showed no difference. Expert commentary: In this review, palonosetron had increased efficiency compared with ondansetron, except in the subgroup analysis and acute nausea. Few cohort studies have been published addressing this topic.

OBJETIVO: Estimar a incidência e avaliar os fatores de risco para náuseas e vômitos induzidos por antineoplásicos com alto e moderado potencial emético em pacientes adultos, no primeiro ciclo de tratamento. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte prospectiva, com 269 adultos acompanhados durante o primeiro ciclo de quimioterapia antineoplásica. A incidência de náuseas e vômitos foi avaliada na fase aguda (0–24 horas), na fase tardia (24 horas–5º dia) e na fase total (0–5º dia). RESULTADOS: 152 pacientes foram submetidos a quimioterápico com alto potencial emético e 117 a moderado potencial emético. A frequência relativa de náuseas foi maior quando comparada à de vômitos na fase aguda (p < 0,001) e na fase tardia (p < 0,001). Os fatores de risco identificados foram: faixa etária ≤ 49 anos (odds ratio = 0,47; IC95% 0,23–0,95) e 50–64 anos (odds ratio = 0,45; IC95% 0,23–0,87), uso de tabaco (odds ratio = 0,35; IC95% 0,14–0,88) e alto potencial emético dos quimioterápicos (odds ratio 0,55; IC95% 0,31–0,95). CONCLUSÃO: A incidência de náuseas foi maior do que a de vômitos, e na fase tardia os efeitos adversos foram mais frequentes. Os resultados sugerem que os fatores de risco para náuseas e vômitos induzidos por quimioterapia são o tabaco, a idade (adultos jovens) e o alto potencial emético do quimioterápico.

Objectiv:e to analyze the relationship of anxiety and depression in the preoperative period with the presence of pain in the postoperative period. Method: cohort study conducted at a university hospital in the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil), between february and July 2017, with 65 patients. A collection instrument was elaborated for the demographic and clinical characteristics. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess anxiety and depression; pain intensity was measured using the Verbal Numerical Scale. Data were submitted to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Results: according to demographic and clinical characteristics, most patients were female, with a median age of 44 years and surgical specialty of the digestive tract. In the preoperative period, 31 (47.7%) had anxiety, and nine (13.8%), depression. None of the patients reported pain immediately prior to surgery. The incidence of moderate to severe postoperative pain was 32 (49.2%) patients. There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of patients with postoperative pain in relation to the presence or absence of preoperative anxiety (p value <0.001). There is no statistically significant difference in the distribution of patients with postoperative pain in relation to the presence or absence of preoperative depression (0.733). In multivariate analysis, preoperative anxiety was a predictive factor for postoperative pain. Depression was not a predictive factor of postoperative pain. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that, regardless of the demographic and clinical characteristics of the studied sample, the presence of anxiety in patients in the preoperative period is a predictive factor of postoperative pain.

Introdução: Feridas tumorais (FT) são formadas pela infiltração de células malignas na estrutura da pele, havendo perda da solução de continuidade cutânea em virtude da proliferação celular descontrolada. Sinais e sintomas como odor, dor, sangramento, exsudato e prurido são observados com frequência. Objetivo: Descrever as intervenções de enfermagem empregadas para minimizar sinais e sintomas da FT. Relato de casos: Dois pacientes com FT foram acompanhados para avaliação quanto ao estadiamento da ferida e controle de sinais e sintomas. Diferentes coberturas foram utilizadas nos curativos, de acordo com a demanda de cada FT. Para controle do odor, utilizaram-se carvão ativado, clorexidina degermante e metronidazol. O manejo do exsudato foi realizado por meio do uso de alginato de cálcio e sódio em fibra e curativos absortivos com carvão ativado. O sangramento era controlado com alginato de cálcio e sódio em fibra e gaze embebida em petrolato. A dor foi mensurada e controlada por meio de analgesia. Conclusões: As FT apresentam características peculiares e necessitam de atenção especializada. A associação de coberturas nos curativos possibilitou minimizar sinais e sintomas.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o conhecimento de enfermeiros de um hospital geral de ensino e alta complexidade sobre a terapia nutricional e os cuidados aos pacientes em uso da mesma. MÉTODO: Estudo quantitativo, observacional, descritivo, realizado com 39 enfermeiros. Foi aplicado questionário e realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas. RESULTADOS: O conhecimento de aspectos considerados essenciais sobre terapia nutricional enteral e parenteral alcançou taxas de acerto superior a 60% na maioria das questões levantadas. Contudo, identificou-se haver divergências acerca da realização de procedimentos relativos a essa terapêutica, como de inserção do cateter nasogástrico e avaliação da estase gástrica. A compreensão acerca das gastro e jejunostomias mostrou-se limitada, o que pode comprometer os cuidados aos pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: O conhecimento dos enfermeiros acerca de aspectos básicos da terapia nutricional pode ser considerado, de forma geral, satisfatório, devendo ser continuadamente atualizado e aprimorado visando contribuir para uma prática refletida, segura e padronizada.

This study aims to evaluate changes in quality of life of cancer patients at the beginning of the first and the second cycle of chemotherapy (CT) in hospitals in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Longitudinal, prospective, descriptive study with a quantitative approach. We enrolled 230 patients, from a broader cohort, diagnosed with the five most frequent types of cancer (breast, colorectal, cervical, lung, and head and neck), aged 18 years or older, who were initiating CT for the first time. quality of life was assessed with the EORTC QLQ-C30 version 3, applied at the beginning of the first and second chemotherapy cycle. The paired Wilcoxon test was used to identify differences in quality of life between the two time points. A multivariate linear regression analysis was performed using the bootstrap method to investigate potential predictors of global health Status/quality of life. There was a significant increase in patients’ emotional function scores (p < 0.001) as well as symptom scores for pain (p = 0.026), diarrhea (p = 0.018), and nausea/vomiting (p < 0.001) after initiation of CT. Widowhood was associated with improvements in the global health Status/quality of life (p = 0.028), whereas the presence of cervical cancer (p = 0.034) and being underweight (p = 0.033) were related to poorer global health status/quality of life scores. CT has detrimental effects on patients’ physical health but, on the other hand, it leads to improvements in the emotional domain. Patients’ individual characteristics at the beginning of CT are associated with changes in their quality of life. Our study could help identify these characteristics.