The phenomenon of judicialization of health in Brazil can point out failures in the public health system as some medicines demanded are included in its lists. However, it is a barrier for rational drug use and application of the National Drug Policy guidelines, especially when there are demanded medicines with no evidence of efficacy and that are not included in Brazilian Health System standards.
O conhecimento sobre os itinerários de pessoas em busca de atenção à saúde pode contribuir para compreensão sobre o comportamento em relação ao cuidado e utilização de serviços de saúde. Apesar de sua potencialidade, os estudos sobre itinerários terapêuticos não tem expressão conhecida no Brasil. Este artigo busca apresentar um levantamento da produção científica nacional sobre o assunto nos últimos 20 anos, descrevendo e analisando as abordagens realizadas. Os dados foram coletados durante os meses de setembro e novembro de 2008 através do portal da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. A busca resultou em 11 artigos que foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo por meio de categorização. Observou-se que os estudos sobre itinerários terapêuticos no Brasil são recentes e pouco explorados por pesquisadores e gestores. A abordagem socioantropológica oferece suporte teórico à maioria dos estudos realizados. O principal foco de interesse é a percepção do paciente sobre a doença e tratamento. Poucos são os estudos que nessa discussão associam aspectos sobre o acesso e utilização dos serviços e fatores relacionados ao contexto do paciente. Conclui-se que o estudo sobre itinerários terapêuticos pode ser uma importante ferramenta para a qualificação da assistência.
Avanços e desafios do acolhimento na operacionalização e qualificação do Sistema Único de Saúde na Atenção Primária: um resgate da produção bibliográfica do Brasil Progress and challenges facing user acceptance in the implementation and qualification of the Unified Health System in Primary Healthcare: a review of the bibliographical output in BrazilResumo As políticas públicas adotadas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) têm passado por sucessivas transformações, buscando reafirmar a saúde como direito universal. O acolhimento, diretriz operacional da Política Nacional de Humanização da Atenção e Gestão do SUS (Humaniza SUS), vem ganhando contornos próprios e relevância na atenção primária à saúde (APS) para garantir acesso humanizado e resolubilidade às demandas de saúde dos usuários e das comunidades no Brasil. Realizou-se uma análise críti-ca da produção bibliográfica, no Brasil, no perío-do de 1989 a 2009, sobre o acolhimento na operacionalização e qualificação do SUS na APS. As bases de dados consultadas foram SciELO, Lilacs e Medline. Os resultados apontaram avanços na ampliação do acesso aos serviços da APS e profissionais de saúde mais sensíveis às necessidades dos usuários e comunidades. A ausência de articulação em redes integradas, o excesso de demanda, o modelo biomédico hegemônico, a ausência de capacitação e de espaços democráticos e reflexivos para reorganizar o processo de trabalho em saúde têm colocado em questão, de modo cada vez mais incisivo, a potencialidade desta diretriz na operacionalização e qualificação do SUS. Palavras-chave Acolhimento, Atenção Primá-ria à Saúde, Programa de Saúde da Família, Sistema Único de Saúde, Política de saúde, Avaliação de serviços de saúde Abstract The public policies adopted by the Unified Health System (SUS) in Brazil have gone through successive transformations, striving to reassert health as a universal right. The user acceptance of the guidelines of the National Humanization Policy for Care and Management of the SUSHumanize SUS -is taking shape and relevance in Primary Healthcare (PHC) to ensure humanized access and resolution of the health demands of users and communities in Brazil. A critical analysis of the bibliographical output in Brazil from 1989 to 2009 was conducted regarding acceptance of implementation and qualification of SUS in PHC. The databases consulted were SciELO, Lilacs and Medline. The results revealed progress in broadening access to PHC services and health professionals more sensitive to the needs of users and communities. However, lack of coordination in integrated networks, excess demand, the hegemonic biomedical model, lack of training and democratic and reflexive spaces to reorganize the work process have been raising increasingly more incisive questions about the potential of this guideline for the implementation and qualification of SUS.
Renal transplant patients have the best quality of life of the three treatment modalities. It is necessary to increase access to renal transplants.
Biological agents directed against tumor necrosis factor (TNF) represent therapeutic options for patients with ankylosing spondylitis with high disease activity despite use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the anti-TNF agents infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, golimumab, and certolizumab for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis, we performed a systematic review of randomized clinical trials on adult patients with ankylosing spondylitis using articles culled from the EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and LILACS databases (September/2012), manual literature search, and the gray literature. Study selections and data collection were performed by two independent reviewers, with disagreements solved by a third reviewer. The following outcomes were evaluated: ASAS 20 response, disease activity, physical function, vertebral mobility, adverse events, and withdraws. The meta-analysis was performed using the Review Manager(®) 5.1 software by applying the random effects model. Eighteen studies were included in this review. No study of certolizumab was included. Patients treated with anti-TNF agents were more likely to display an ASAS 20 response after 12/14 weeks (RR 2.21; 95 % CI 1.91; 2.56) and 24 weeks (RR 2.68; 95 % CI 2.06; 3.48) compared with controls, which was also true for several other efficacy outcomes. Meta-analysis of safety outcomes and withdraws did not indicate statistically significant differences between treatment and control groups after 12 or 30 weeks. Adalimumab, infliximab, etanercept, and golimumab can effectively reduce the signs and symptoms of the axial component of ankylosing spondylitis. Safety outcomes deserve further study, especially with respect to long-term follow-ups.
Os processos judiciais na área da saúde têm crescido de forma exponencial. A judicialização de procedimentos, no entanto, ainda não foi discutida e pode ampliar o escopo de avaliação da atenção à saúde. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar as ações judiciais para acesso a procedimentos ambulatoriais e hospitalares do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, no período de 1999 a 2009. É um estudo descritivo retrospectivo. Os procedimentos foram classificados pela Tabela Unificada do SUS e pela Tabela de Terminologia Unificada da Saúde Suplementar. Observou-se cobertura pelo SUS de 93,6%. A residência dos beneficiários localiza-se, principalmente, nas macrorregiões Centro (26,4%) e Oeste (24%). Os procedimentos mais solicitados foram internações em leitos comuns, Centro de Terapia Intensiva e cirurgias do aparelho circulatório. Este estudo aponta para as necessidades emergentes de acesso aos procedimentos de média e alta complexidade, mediante uma extensa cobertura normativa.
OBJECTIVE:To describe the clinical and epidemiological profi le of patients under renal replacement therapies, identifying risk factors for death. METHODS:This is a non-concurrent cohort study of data for 90,356 patients in the National Renal Replacement Therapies Database. A deterministicprobabilistic linkage was performed using the Authorization System for High Complexity/Cost Procedures and the Mortality Information System databases. All patients who started dialysis between 1/1/2000 and 12/31/2004 were included and followed until death or the end of 2004. Age, sex, region of residence, primary renal disease and causes of death were analyzed. A proportional hazards model was used to identify factors associated with risk of death. RESULTS:The prevalence of patients under renal replacement therapies increased an average of 5.5%, while incidence remained stable during the period. Hemodialysis was the predominant initial modality (89%). The patients were majority male with mean age 53 years, residents of the Southeast region and presented unknown causes as the main cause of chronic renal disease, followed by hypertension, diabetes and glomerulonephritis. Of these patients, 42% progressed to death and 7% underwent kidney transplantation. The patients on peritoneal dialysis were older and had higher prevalence of diabetes. The death rate varied from 7% among transplanted patients to 45% among non-transplanted patients. In the fi nal Cox proportional hazards model, the risk of mortality was associated with increasing age, female sex, having diabetes, living in the North and Northeast region, peritoneal dialysis as a fi rst modality and not having renal transplantation. CONCLUSIONS:There was an increased prevalence of patients on renal therapy in Brazil. Increased risk of death was associated with advanced age, diabetes, the female sex, residents of the North and Northeast region and lack of renal transplant.
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