This study aims to examine the essence of the principle of balance in the agreement and dissect the position of the principle of balance as the legal reason for the cancellation of an agreement in order to realize equitable law in Indonesia. The research method used in this research is doctrinal research by using a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a comparative approach. Based on the research conducted, it was found that the essence of the principle of balance is a principle that emphasizes the existence of balance or equality of the rights and obligations of the parties in an agreement. Furthermore, the principle of balance can be used as a reason to cancel an agreement in Indonesia that has fulfilled the conditions for a valid agreement in Article 1320 jo 1338 of the Indonesian Civil Code as long as it is interpreted in the form of abuse of circumstances.
In the light of this background, the focus of this article is on 3 (three) issues namely: the MPR's authority to interpret the constitution, the construction of ius constitutum providing statements by the MPR in reviewing laws in the Constitutional Court, and the reconstruction of the ius constituendum model of providing information on requests for review of laws law in the Constitutional Court. This article is a legal research with a reform-oriented research type with statutory, case, and conceptual approaches. Based on this research, several things were found, namely: (1) the People’s Consultative Assembly has the authority to interpret the constitution based on Article 3 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia; (2) the construction of the ius constitutum position of the People’s Consultative Assembly in the petition for review of a law at the Constitutional Court is derogated by the exclusion of the MPR as giving explanation in Constitutional Court Law Number 6 Year 2005; (3) at the ius constituendum level, the involvement of the People’s Consultative Assembly in carrying out originalism interpretation of the constitution can be realized through the provision of explanation in a tripartite manner, namely the Government and/or the DPR as legislators and the People’s Consultative Assembly as the framers of the constitution. This article provides recommendations for the need to amend the provisions of the Constitutional Court's procedural law, so as to provide space for substantive participation for the MPR in providing an interpretation of its constitution.
The purpose of this study is to fine out the chemical characteristics of kefir cow’s milk fortified arabica ground coffee. The research was conducted in July to September 2020 at the Laboratory of Animal Product Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Udayana University. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications. The five treatments were: fermented cow’s milk kefir without fortification of Arabica ground coffee (P0), fermented cow’s milk kefir with 1% fortification of Arabica coffee (P1), fermented cow’s milk kefir with 2% fortified Arabica coffee (P2), cow’s milk kefir fermented with fortified Arabica coffee powder 3% (P3), cow’s milk kefir was fermented with fortified Arabica coffee powder 4% (P4). The observed variables were lactose content, fat content, protein content and pH value. The results showed that the chemical characteristics of cow’s milk kefir fortified with Arabica coffee during fermentation had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the fat content of pH but was not significantly different (P>0.05) on lactose and protein content was in all tre- atments. The conclusion of this study is that kefir fortified with 2%, 3%, and 4% Arabica ground coffee gave good results according to Codex standards.
Tingginya angka penetrasi Internet dan pengguna media sosial di Indonesia, berbanding terbalik dengan progresivitas pembangunan hukum dan teknologi. Hal ini terlihat dari belum ditetapkannya suatu produk hukum dalam tataran UU yang secara eksplisit mengatur perlindungan data pribadi. Berdasarkan hasil studi yang dilakukan terkait hubungan hukum antara pengguna dan penyedia layanan media sosial, timbul melalui ketentuan layanan sebagai suatu perjanjian dengan berdasar pada Pasal 46 ayat (2) PP No. 71 Tahun 2019. Kemudian ketiadaannya suatu UU yang mengatur secara eksplisit terkait hak dan kewajiban penyedia layanan selaku prosesor dan pengendali data pribadi menimbulkan persoalan kepastian hukum dalam penjaminan perlindungan data pribadi pengguna.
E-voting in post-conflict local elections is still a long debate. One of the reasons is related to the security problem e-voting. Over time, system blockchain born which is known unhackable. Therefore, will analyze, first, urgency using e-voting in post-conflict local election system and secondly the formulation use of blockchain-based e-voting in the post-conflict local election system. The method research is legal research with statute approach, conceptual approach, and case approach. As for the results of the study: first, urgency using blockchain in regional head election system, because there are still many problems, namely: 1) Multiple voter data which results in voters being able to vote more than one time, 2) There are still ballots that have been voted, due irresponsible persons, 3) Distribution of ballot boxes and ballots have problems both before and after voting, and 4) Many post-conflict local election officers died and got sick due to fatigue while on duty, and secondly, the formulation use blockchain in electronic-based regional head election system, must considered: 1) review readiness of districts/cities, 2) Making rules with stakeholders, 3) Resource training humans, 4) Socialization to the community, 5) The implementation is carried out systematically tiered, 6) Implement pilot project before implemented.
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