The new genus Matagaia is proposed to include the newly described M. chromatopus sp. nov. from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. In addition, Corythalia insularis sp. nov. and Neonella noronha sp. nov. are also described from this locality. The synanthropic Hasarius adansoni (Audouin, 1826) and Menemerus bivittatus (Dufour, 1831) are also recorded from the Archipelago.

A survey of the scorpion fauna of the Island of Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco (Brazil), was carried out in October 2005. Methods included active collecting and pitfall traps in several areas of the island under different degrees of human-caused alteration. Forty four scorpions, belonging to two species were collected: Isometrus maculatus (DeGeer, 1778), previously listed for the Island, and Tityus stigmurus (Thorell, 1877), here recorded for the first time. This species was probably introduced via cargo shipments from the continent and offers risk to the local population due to the gravity of the accidents.

The female of Zimiromus hortenciae Buckup & Brescovit, 1993 is described for the first time and Trachyzelotes kulczynskii (Bösemberg, 1902), a species introduced from Europe, is recorded for the first time on the island of Fernando de Noronha, state of Pernambuco. The latter, along with T. lyonneti (Audouim, 1826) recorded from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, is the second species of this genus to be reported from Brazil. The spiders were collected with pitfall traps in five points of the island. Ecological data showed that Gnaphosidae was the fifth best sampled spider family, with 179 specimens, belonging to two species, T. kulczynskii and Z. hortenciae. Trachyzelotes kulczynskii was the most abundant with 118 adults while Z. hortenciae was represented by only 21 adults. Both species were collected during the dry and wet seasons but T. kulczynskii was more abundant during the wet season while Z. hortenciae was more abundant during the dry season. The male:female ratio for the dry season was similar for both species but in the wet season it was three times higher for T. kulczynskii.

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