Technology evolution and wide research attention on 3D printing efficiency and processes have given the prompt need to reach an understanding about each technique’s prowess to deliver superior quality levels whilst showing an economical and process viability to become mainstream. Studies in the field have struggled to predict the singularities that arise during most Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) practices; therefore, diverse individual description of the parameters have been performed, but a relationship study between them has not yet assessed. The proposed study lays the main defects caused by a selection of printing parameters which might vary layer slicing, then influencing the defect rate. Subsequently, the chosen technique for optimization is presented, with evidence of its application viability that suggests that a quality advance would be gathered with such. The results would help in making the FDM process become a reliable process that could also be used for industry manufacturing besides prototyping purposes.

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In an increasing number of aggressive enterprise world, "time to market" concerning products has come to be a solution element because of enterprise success. There are exceptional techniques so expect layout mistakes or open products concerning the need between much less time. Among the most used methodologies in the design and setting about stability the requirements, Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) execute remain used. In the prototyping phase, such is feasible in imitation of tackle the rising science regarding additive manufacturing. Today, three-dimensional stamping is in the meanwhile used as a rapid prototyping technique. However, the actual challenge that enterprise is going through is the use of these machineries for large-scale production about parts, at last viable along current HP Multi fusion. The aim of this article is to study the interactive design and engineering applied to the entire product development process taking advantage of the most modern models and technologies for the final realization of a case study that involves the design and prototyping of an innovative multifunctional fan (Lamp, Aroma Diffuser and fan) through the Multi Jet Fusion of HP. To begin with, issues related to the DFSS, the QFD and their application to identify the fan requirements are explored. Once the requirements have been defined, the modern CAD design systems and the CAE systems for the validation of the case study will be analyzed and applied. Finally, HP's Multi Jet Fusion methodology and design rules for additive manufacturing will be analyzed in detail, trying to exploit all the positive aspects it offers.

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In this work, a structured design method, the Stylistic Design Engineering (SDE), isapplied for the construction of a new minivan car, in particular a new city car, which we will callFIAT 600 Omega. The SDE, or Stylistic Design Engineering, is a structured engineering method forcarrying out automotive design projects. The SDE method consists of six different phases: (1)Analysis of stylistic trends; (2) Sketches; (3) 2D Computer Aided Design (CAD) drawings; (4) 3DCAD models; (5) Rendering; (6) Solid stylistic model (also called style maquette). This project dealswith the external redesign of the Fiat 600 multiple, a small minivan which was very successful inthe 1950s and 1960s. SDE is a methodology consisting of various technologies and designmethodologies that will be further explained in detail, such as the Pininfarina method, the QualityFunction Deployment (QFD) method, Benchmarking (BM), and Top Flop Analysis (TPA). The workwas organized according to the different phases. Initially, the Fiat style was studied, in particularthe style of the FIAT 600 MULTI PURPOUSE VEHICLE (MPV). This step is essential to betterunderstand the characteristics of the brand and also the main characteristics carried out over thedecades. Then we moved on to the freehand sketching phase, based on what we learned in theprevious phase of the study. When a satisfactory shape was found for the new car, by analyzing anddiscarding the different proposals of the various types of style, we proceeded to the evaluation ofthe proportions and dimensions through two-dimensional drawings and finally we obtained thethree-dimensional shape of the new car thanks to 3D CAD software and rendering software. Manyadvantages in the industrial world SDE takes together with its development. In fact, until the early2000s, car design and styling was considered quite a craft activity, not a technical or scientific one,mostly based on the great capability of famous car designers and masters, just like Giugiaro, Zagato,Bertone, Pininfarina, Stephenson, Bangle, etc. Then, thanks to the industrial activity of Eng. LorenzoRamacciotti, former CEO of Pininfarina Spa and Mechanical Engineer, and also thanks to theacademic studies developed at ALMA MATER STUDIORUM University of Bologna, SDE becamethe object of attention, because it is able to systematize the car design process and reduce costs. WithSDE, a good design research or an industrial product development team can complete a car designproject, also without the presence of a mentor. Car Design Process finally becomes with SDE ascientific method; Car Design becomes with SDE an industrial method. Industrial needs are niceproducts made in a short time; SDE is structured to attend these issues. Industrial challenges followinnovation, in shape and functionality; SDE is able to recognize innovation. Industrial benefits canbe reached with SDE, ensuring beautiful aesthetic projects are realized systematically and with lowcosts.

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The present study wants to bring to light a new type of crutch designed for a chronic patient with perennial limited mobility, who must use this support every time a move is needed. The main purpose of the project consists in recommending a correct use of the crutch through technology, limiting the damage normally caused by a bad use of crutches and giving a support both for the patient and for the doctor. All of the features of the crutches were defined through relationship matrices and a benchmarking, which helped us for defining the requirements; other important features were defined, taking a look to the technological progresses applied to new, patented crutches. The result is a sensorized crutch, functional and oriented to meet the user's needs in order to prevent an incorrect use of the support avoiding the growth of other pains.

Three-dimensional printed custom cutting guides (CCGs) are becoming more and more investigated in medical literature, as a patient-specific approach is often desired and very much needed in today’s surgical practice. Three-dimensional printing applications and computer-aided surgical simulations (CASS) allow for meticulous preoperatory planning and substantial reductions of operating time and risk of human error. However, several limitations seem to slow the large-scale adoption of 3D printed CCGs. CAD designing and 3D printing skills are inevitably needed to develop workflow and address the study; therefore, hospitals are pushed to include third-party collaboration, from highly specialized medical centers to industrial engineering companies, thus increasing the time and cost of labor. The aim of this study was to move towards the feasibility of an in-house, low-cost CCG 3D printing methodology for pediatric orthopedic (PO) surgery. The prototype of a femoral cutting guide was developed for its application at the IOR—Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute of Bologna. The element was printed with an entry-level 3D printer with a high-temperature PLA fiber, whose thermomechanical properties can withstand common steam heat sterilization without bending or losing the original geometry. This methodology allowed for extensive preoperatory planning that would likewise reduce the overall surgery time, whilst reducing the risks related to the intervention.