Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infections are the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) globally. The latter has contributed to a variety of adverse outcomes for both sexes. Moreover, in Brazil, epidemiological studies on patients with STIs are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of TV and its association with HPV in women undergoing cervical cancer screening.
Methods
Women with a normal cervix were recruited from a community-based cervical cancer screening program. Gynecological examinations were conducted, and questionnaires were provided. Vaginal canal and uterine cervix samples were collected for cytological examinations (reported using the 2001 Bethesda System) and tested for the presence of TV and HPV DNA.
Results
In total, 562 women who attended public primary healthcare were included in the study. The T. vaginalis was present in 19.0% (107) and HPV DNA was present in 46.8% (263) of women. Among the women of TV 73.8% (79) had a co-infection with HPV (p = 0.001).
Conclusions
We concluded that a TV infection is associated with an HPV infection of the cervix as well as with the cervical cytological abnormalities. Further studies could reveal the mechanisms by which these two organisms interact at the cellular level, with control for shared behavioral risk factors.
Objective. To verify the association between HPV infection and the presence of coinfections (Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) in women in the state of Maranhão. Methods. HPV-DNA detection was performed by the nested PCR, using the primers PGMY09/11 and GP + 5/GP + 6. For the identification of sexually transmitted agents, conventional PCR was performed using the following primers: KL1/KL2 (Chlamydia trachomatis), TVA5/TVA6 (Trichomonas vaginalis), and HO1/HO3 (Neisseria gonorrhoeae). DNA-HPV positive samples were subjected to automated sequencing for genotyping. Results. Among the 353 women evaluated, 204 (57.8%) had HPV-DNA, of which 140 (68.6%) exhibited HPV/STIs, while 64 (31.4%) had the only HPV. T. vaginalis infection showed a positive association with HPV (
p
=
0.003
). Women without cervical lesions were predominant (327/92.6%); however, the largest number of lesions was reported in women who had HPV/coinfections (18/8.8%). Multiple regression analysis showed that both HPV only and the concomitant presence of HPV/STI were able to indicate the occurrence of epithelial lesions (R = 0.164; R2 = 0.027). Conclusion. The findings suggest that the presence of T. vaginalis can contribute to HPV infection, and HPV/IST association may influence the development of cervical intraepithelial lesions that are precursors of cervical cancer.
Objetivo: Analisar o perfil microbiológico e relacionar com as alterações citológicas de mulheres quilombolas que possuem lesões cérvico-vaginais. Material e Métodos. Este foi um estudo de corte transversal de 5 meses, baseado em 154 mulheres quilombolas, na faixa etária de 13 a 74 anos, registradas no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e que possuem lesões cérvico-vaginais. Resultados. Mulheres com idade >45 anos (43,5%) foram as que mais realizaram exames Papanicolaou, seguido das mulheres com 31 a 45 anos (31,2%) e posteriormente ≤30 anos (25,3%). A infecção mais comum em mulheres com idade ≤30 foi Gardnerella sp. (35,8%), já em mulheres na faixa de 31 a 45 anos foi Lactobacillus sp. (47,9%). A prevalência global das alterações citológicas foi de 7,8%, com maior frequência na faixa de 31 a 45 anos. Conclusão. As mulheres com vaginose bacteriana apresentaram maior prevalência de atipias celulares e não houve associação estatisticamente significante entre faixa etária e alterações cérvico-vaginais, bem como, a microbiota não apresentou associação com anormalidades citológicas.
SUMMARY AIM: the present study analysed the association between Zika-virus and microcephaly during the gestational period of women in Brazil. Methodology: Systematic reviews of intervention research, current publications of clinical investigations were used systematic search strategies in three electronic databases PubMed, SciELO and Google academic. The following keywords were used: Microcephaly, gestation, Zika-virus to perform the search, and 1020 articles were obtained after exclusion, 45 were left and 35 were eligible. The collection period was from 2004 to 2017. Results: Epidemiological data suggest a temporal association between the quantitative increase and the Zika-virus epidemic, especially in Northeast Brazil. It is not consensual to measure the cephalic perimeter curve to be considered. Conclusion: Given this, the application of techniques to accurately diagnose the relationship between causes and effects in the pathogenesis of Zika virus infection in the central nervous system should be prioritized.
Objetivo: analisar e representar, espacialmente, a evolução da distribuição geográfica das ocorrências de Hanseníase no Maranhão entre os anos de 2013 a 2015, utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento. Método: realizou-se análise, utilizando mapas e tabelas temáticas, com base nos registros do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Resultados: foram identificados 1.879 casos, somados entre 219 bairros residenciais. Para o ano de 2013, o distrito mais afetado foi o Tirirical; em 2014, aumentou a prevalência nos Distritos de Bequimão e Coroadinho e em 2015, houve uma redução de prevalências nos distritos de Tirirical Cohab, Coroadinho e Itaqui Bacanga. Conclusão: apesar de algumas localidades estudadas terem apresentado uma diminuição da prevalência entre 2013 e 2014, de 2014 a 2015 houve um aumento na quantidade de casos. O estudo de prevalências possibilitou essa identificação de casos, podendo ser observada a imprescindibilidade de subsidiar estratégias de controle.
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