This is a review of current studies in diversity of the flora and main vegetation types in the Brazilian Pantanal. The flora of this wetland, nearly 2,000 species, constitutes a pool of elements of wide distribution and from more or less adjacent phytogeographic provinces, such as Cerrado, dry seasonal forests, Chaco, Amazonia and Atlantic Forest. The most numerous group includes wide-distribution species, mainly herbs, while the second contingent comes from the Cerrado. Endemic plants are rare, numbering only seven. The vegetation of the sedimentary floodplain is a mosaic of aquatics, floodable grasslands, riparian forests, savannas (cerrados), cerrado woodlands, dry forests, and a large area of mono-dominant savannas, and pioneer woodlands. The main vegetation types are briefly described with their characteristic species, and their estimated areas are given according to the latest mapping.

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RESUMO -Apresentamos o inventário preliminar das plantas alimentícias silvestres do Mato Grosso do Sul usadas na dieta humana ou com potencial para uso. Incluímos espécies que constam em publicações e em trabalhos inéditos dos autores, cujas coletas, realizadas no estado, estão incorporadas nos herbários CGMS, COR e CPAP. Adicionalmente, foram incluídas espécies de Arecaceae, coletadas no estado depositadas em outros Herbários e espécies dos gêneros Arachis, Dioscorea e Passifl ora que constam na Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil para o Mato Grosso do Sul. Foram encontradas 294 espécies, distribuídas em 160 gêneros e 67 famílias botânicas. As famílias mais ricas foram Fabaceae (49) e Myrtaceae (38), seguidas por Arecaceae (32) e Passifl oraceae (12). Esta é a primeira listagem de espécies alimentícias do estado.Palavras chaves: frutos comestíveis, Cerrado, Pantanal ABSTRACT -Preliminary list of native food plants of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil -We present a preliminary inventory of wild food plants found in Mato Grosso do Sul that are used in human diet or potentially useful. Species were compiled from publications and from data collected by the authors; specimens deposited in CGMS, COR and CPAP herbaria were also included. Additionally we included species of Arecaceae and of Arachis, Dioscorea and Passifl ora cited in the species list of Brazilian fl ora. We found a total of 294 species distributed in 160 genera and 67 families. The families with highest number of species were Fabaceae (49), Myrtaceae (38), Arecaceae (32) and Passifl oraceae (12). This is the fi rst list of edible species for Mato Grosso do Sul.

Large areas in the Pantanal wetland are covered by monodominant formations, e.g. typical landscapes with local names such as "paratudal", dominated by T. aurea. Studies on structure of these formations generally include only woody strata, consequently the species richness registered is usually low due to the absence of the 'ground layer' of herbaceous and others low species. We recorded 13 species, 12 genera and 11 families for the arboreal stratum. Considering arboreal flora without the dominant (T. aurea) individuals showed great establishment in relation to the flood level between 35 -45 cm while the individuals of the dominant species of 30 -45 cm. The diameter distribution revealed that the population of T. aurea did not show the reverse J curve, the usual pattern for species in constant regeneration, also evidenced in inconstant Licourt quotient, indicating an episodic recruitment that could lead to future changes in structure. In the herbaceous strata we recorded 78 species, included in 62 genera and 27 families. Using plots method we sampled 46 species, 40 genera and 22 families, while in line interception we found 65 species distributed in 57 genera and 26 families. The floristic similarity of Sørensen between both methods was 59.4%, with 33 species in common, and the method of line interception was more efficient in detecting richness, with 35% more species found in the same time. According to the methods of plots and line interception applied on the woody stratum, our results gave similar detailed information on the structure of this type of savanna, and in spite of being monodominant it shows high species richness when the herbaceous stratum is taken into account. Plots and line interception methods showed similar results for the woody stratum and high species richness of the herbaceous stratum.Keywords: line interception method, plot method, wetland, paratudal, pantanal. Estrutura do estrato arbóreo e herbáceo em uma savana neotropical monodominante sazonalmente inundada de Tabebuia aurea ResumoAmplas áreas no Pantanal são cobertas por formações monodominantes, tipicamente com nomes locais como "paratudal" dominado por Tabebuia aurea. Estudos na estrutura dessas formações geralmente incluem somente estrato arbóreo, consequentemente, a riqueza de espécies detectada geralmente é baixa devido à ausência do "estrato terrestre" das herbáceas e outras poucas espécies. Nós registramos 13 espécies, 12 gêneros e 11 famílias para o estrato arbóreo. Considerando a flora arbórea sem a espécie dominante (T. aurea) apresentaram um ótimo de estabelecimento em relação ao nível de inundação entre 35 -45cm, enquanto os indíviduos da espécie dominante de 30 -45cm. A distribuição diamétrica revelou que a população de T. aurea não apresentou o J reverso, o modelo usual para espécies em constante regeneração, também evidenciado pela não constante no quoeficiente de Licourt. Indicando episódio de recrutamento que poderia levar a futuras mudanças na estrutura. Para o estrato herbáceo geral registramos 78 espécies, ...

Plant extracts are a potential source of new compounds for nematode control and may be an excellent alternative for the control gastrointestinal nematodes that are resistant to conventional anthelmintics. However, research involving natural products is a complex process. The main challenge is the identification of bioactive compounds. Online analytical techniques with universal detectors, such as high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), together with metabolomics could enable the fast, accurate evaluation of a massive amount of data, constituting a viable option for the identification of active compounds in plant extracts. This study focused on the evaluation of the ovicidal activity of ethanol extracts from 17 plants collected from the Pantanal wetland in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, against eggs of Haemonchus placei using the egg hatchability test. The ethanol extracts were obtained using accelerated solvent extraction. The data on ovicidal activity, mass spectrometry and metabolomics were evaluated using HPLC-DAD-MS, partial least squares regression analysis (PLS-DA) and a correlation map (univariate correlation analyses) to detect compounds that have a positive correlation with biological activity. Among the ten metabolites with the best correlation coefficients, six were phenylpropanoids, two were triterpene saponins, one was a brevipolide, and one was a flavonoid. Combinations of metabolites with high ovicidal action were also identified, such as phenylpropanoids combined with the triterpene saponins and the flavonoid, flavonoids combined with iridoid and phenylpropanoids, and saponins combined with phenylpropanoid. The positive correlation between classes of compounds in plants belonging to different genera and biological activity (as previously identified in the literature) reinforces the robustness of the statistical data and demonstrates the efficacy of this method for the selection of bioactive compounds without the need for isolation and reevaluation. The proposed method also enables the determination of synergism among the classes, which would be impracticable using traditional methods. The present investigation demonstrates that the metabolomic technique was efficient at detecting secondary metabolites with ovicidal activity against H. placei. Thus, the use of metabolomics can be a tool to accelerate and simplify bioprospecting research with plant extracts in veterinary parasitology.

Aspectos da biologia e fenologia de Oryza latifolia Desv.(Poaceae) no Pantanal sul-mato-grossense ABSTRACT(Aspects of the biology and phenology of Oryza latifolia Desv. (Poaceae) in the Pantanal wetland in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil). Oryza latifolia, a wild species of rice, aquatic emergent, tolerant of fl ooding, occurs on fl oodplains of the Pantanal wetland, mainly in the Paraguay River sub-region. Th e aim of this study was to describe aspects of the biology and phenology of O. latifolia in two areas (Serra do Amolar and Bracinho) along the Paraguay River, in the township of Corumbá (state of Mato Grosso do Sul). Five patches of wild rice were observed in each area. Twenty replicates of quadrats (1m x 1m) were randomly established monthly in each patch, and percent cover was estimated; fl owering, fruiting, production of dry infl orescence and water depth were monitored from December 2006 to November 2007. Percent cover is correlated with water level and day length in the plots, reaching up to 80% at fl ood time in both areas. Recruitment of seedlings occurs during the dry season only on the plot edges. Th e reproductive phase of the species is short and starts aft er the fl ood peak. Th is period is correlated with a set of environmental variables such as day length and water level. Dispersal occurs by barochory, hydrochory and ictiochory, at the onset of receding water, and seeds stay viable for fi ve months up to the dry period.

Known for its high degree of biodiversity, the tropics have a number of sites in which one or few species dominate large areas, as occurs in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil, with the 'carandá' palm, Copernicia alba, in monodominant formations known regionally as 'carandazal'. The aim of the present study was to analyze variations in species richness and diversity of herbs, shrubs and trees in two communities dominated by Copernicia alba with different flood patterns and determine whether soil fertility and time of inundation are associated with tree/shrub species composition and abundance. Vegetation was analyzed in 50 plots measuring 100m 2 in each area, with the determination of the tree/shrub component (CBH ≥ 5cm). Three subplots measuring 1m 2 were demarcated within each plot for the sampling of herbs, sub-shrubs, shrubs (CBH < 5cm) and juvenile arboreal species. Soil samples were taken from three depths in each 100m 2 plot. Associations between soil data, time of inundation and absolute density of tree/shrub vegetation were tested using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). For the tree/shrub component, a total of 22 species belonging to 12 families were sampled in the two communities. Richness was greater in the area submitted to a lesser time of inundation. Copernicia alba had the greatest importance values in both study areas, followed by Tabebuia aurea in one community and Mimosa glutinosa in the other. In the subplots, 178 species belonging to 39 families were sampled, for which Fabaceae, Poaceae, Asteraceae and Cyperaceae figured prominently. The herbaceous component predominated over the others in species richness in both areas, but similarity was low. CCA detected associations between soil fertility, time of inundation and composition of tree/shrub species. The richness of the tree/shrub component was greater in the area with a shorter inundation time, which makes this event an important factor in the determination of C. alba monodominance in the Pantanal wetland. The herbaceous component demonstrated a high degree of richness and diversity in both communities, although there are differences in the inundation pattern between the two areas. RESUMOESTRUTURA DE DUAS COMUNIDADES DOMINADAS POR COPERCIA ALBA E ASSOCIAÇÕES COM SOLO E INUNDAÇÃO NO PANTANAL, BRASIL. A região tropical conhecida por elevada diversidade detém, em alguns locais, uma ou poucas espécies dominantes em extensas áreas, como ocorre no Pantanal com a palmeira 'carandá' Copernicia alba que constitui formações monodominantes denominadas regionalmente como 'carandazal'. O Objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a variação na riqueza e diversidade de espécies herbáceas, arbustivas e arbóreas em duas comunidades dominadas por