The objective of the present study was to evaluate breathing pattern, thoracoabdominal motion and muscular activity during three breathing exercises: diaphragmatic breathing (DB), flow-oriented (Triflo II) incentive spirometry and volume-oriented (Voldyne) incentive spirometry. Seventeen healthy subjects (12 females, 5 males) aged 23 ± 5 years (mean ± SD) were studied. Calibrated respiratory inductive plethysmography was used to measure the following variables during rest (baseline) and breathing exercises: tidal volume (Vt), respiratory frequency (f), rib cage contribution to Vt (RC/Vt), inspiratory duty cycle (Ti/Ttot), and phase angle (PhAng). Sternocleidomastoid muscle activity was assessed by surface electromyography. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Tukey or Friedman and Wilcoxon tests, with the level of significance set at P < 0.05. Comparisons between baseline and breathing exercise periods showed a significant increase of Vt and PhAng during all exercises, a significant decrease of f during DB and Voldyne, a significant increase of Ti/Ttot during Voldyne, and no significant difference in RC/Vt. Comparisons among exercises revealed higher f and sternocleidomastoid activity during Triflo II (P < 0.05) with respect to DB and Voldyne, without a significant difference in Vt, Ti/Ttot, PhAng, or RC/Vt. Exercises changed the breathing pattern and increased PhAng, a variable of thoracoabdominal asynchrony, compared to baseline. The only difference between DB and Voldyne was a significant increase of Ti/Ttot compared to baseline. Triflo II was associated with higher f values and electromyographic activity of the sternocleidomastoid. In conclusion, DB and Voldyne showed similar results while Triflo II showed disadvantages compared to the other breathing exercises.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate incentive spirometers using volume-(Coach and Voldyne) and flow-oriented (Triflo II and Respirex) devices. Sixteen healthy subjects, 24 ± 4 years, 62 ± 12 kg, were studied. Respiratory variables were obtained by respiratory inductive plethysmography, with subjects in a semi-reclined position (45º). Tidal volume, respiratory frequency, minute ventilation, inspiratory duty cycle, mean inspiratory flow, and thoracoabdominal motion were measured. Statistical analysis was performed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-test and ANOVA. Comparison between the Coach and Voldyne devices showed that larger values of tidal volume (1035 ± 268 vs 947 ± 268 ml, P = 0.02) and minute ventilation (9.07 ± 3.61 vs 7.49 ± 2.58 l/min, P = 0.01) were reached with Voldyne, whereas no significant differences in respiratory frequency were observed (7.85 ± 1.24 vs 8.57 ± 1.89 bpm). Comparison between floworiented devices showed larger values of inspiratory duty cycle and lower mean inspiratory flow with Triflo II (0.35 ± 0.05 vs 0.32 ± 0.05 ml/s, P = 0.00, and 531 ± 137 vs 606 ± 167 ml/s, P = 0.00, respectively). Abdominal motion was larger (P < 0.05) during the use of volumeoriented devices compared to flow-oriented devices (52 ± 11% for Coach and 50 ± 9% for Voldyne; 43 ± 13% for Triflo II and 44 ± 14% for Respirex). We observed that significantly higher tidal volume associated with low respiratory frequency was reached with Voldyne, and that there was a larger abdominal displacement with volumeoriented devices. Correspondence
Objective: To evaluate breathing pattern and thoracoabdominal motion during breathing exercises. Methods: Twenty-four patients with class II or III obesity (18 women; 6 men) were studied on the second postoperative day after gastroplasty. The mean age was 37 ± 11 years, and the mean BMI was 44 ± 3 kg/m 2 . Diaphragmatic breathing, incentive spirometry with a flow-oriented device and incentive spirometry with a volume-oriented device were performed in random order. Respiratory inductive plethysmography was used in order to measure respiratory variables and thoracoabdominal motion. Results: Comparisons among the three exercises showed significant differences: tidal volume was higher during incentive spirometry (with the flow-oriented device or with the volume-oriented device) than during diaphragmatic breathing; the respiratory rate was lower during incentive spirometry with the volume-oriented device than during incentive spirometry with the flow-oriented device; and minute ventilation was higher during incentive spirometry (with the flow-oriented device or with the volume-oriented device) than during diaphragmatic breathing. Rib cage motion did not vary during breathing exercises, although there was an increase in thoracoabdominal asynchrony, especially during incentive spirometry with the flow-oriented device. Conclusions: Among the breathing exercises evaluated, incentive spirometry with the volume-oriented device provided the best results, because it allowed slower, deeper inhalation.Keywords: Breathing exercises; Physical therapy (Specialty); Bariatric surgery; Obesity, morbid. ResumoObjetivo: Avaliar o padrão respiratório e o movimento toracoabdominal durante exercícios respiratórios. Métodos: Vinte e quatro pacientes com obesidade de nível II e III (18 mulheres; 6 homens) foram estudados no segundo dia pós-operatório após gastroplastia. A média de idade era de 37 ± 11 anos, e a média de IMC era de 44 ± 3 kg/m 2 . Exercício diafragmático, espirometria de incentivo orientada a fluxo e espirometria de incentivo orientada a volume foram realizados em ordem aleatória. A pletismografia respiratória indutiva foi utilizada para avaliar variáveis do padrão respiratório e do movimento toracoabdominal. Resultados: As comparações entre os exercícios demonstraram diferenças significativas: maior volume corrente durante a espirometria de incentivo orientada a fluxo ou orientada a volume (vs. exercício diafragmático), menor frequência respiratória durante a espirometria de incentivo orientada a volume (vs. espirometria de incentivo orientada a fluxo), e maior ventilação minuto durante a espirometria de incentivo orientada a fluxo ou orientada a volume (vs. exercício diafragmático). O movimento toracoabdominal não foi modificado durante os exercícios respiratórios e houve um aumento na assincronia toracoabdominal, especialmente durante a espirometria de incentivo orientada a fluxo. Conclusões: Entre os exercícios respiratórios avaliados, a espirometria de incentivo orientado a volume forneceu os melhores resultado...
This study evaluated the breathing pattern of 30 obese patients [32 ± 9 years old; body mass index (BMI): 42.72 ± 4.10 kg/m(2)] before and after bariatric surgery and compared them with 30 control individuals (31 ± 8 years old, BMI: 21.99 ± 2.22 kg/m(2)). Measurements were performed using calibrated respiratory inductive plethysmography. Six months after bariatric surgery, obese patients exhibited a significant reduction in tidal volume (V(T)), minute ventilation (V(E)) and inspiratory duty cycle (T(I)/T(TOT)) compared with pre-surgical values. The control group had a higher breathing frequency, V(E) and phase angle (PhAng). There were no significant differences in V(T)/T(I), percentage of rib cage motion (%RC) or abdominal motion (%AB). Obese patients exhibited changes in their breathing pattern and asynchrony after bariatric surgery without any changes in thoracoabdominal motion. Certain aspects of the breathing pattern of obese patients became more similar to those of the controls after surgery.
Resumo Atualmente, os ecossistemas urbanos tornaram-se cada vez mais propícios aos pombos, e a população dessas aves aumentou significativamente em várias partes do mundo, incluindo o Brasil. Esse aumento se tornou um problema ambiental e de saúde pública. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever a ocorrência de Cryptococcus neoformans nos excrementos de pombos em locais públicos do município de Redenção, Pará, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, quantitativo e descritivo. Foram selecionados dez bairros, onde foram coletadas 5 amostras de cada um, totalizando 50 unidades de material. O fungo foi identificado através de excrementos suspensos com solução estéril de cloreto de sódio a 0,9%, seguida de semeadura em ágar Sabouraud Dextrose mais cloranfenicol. Um exame direto das colônias com tinta chinesa foi realizado em triplicata para observar a sugestiva micromorfologia de C. neoformans. Um teste de identificação confirmatória foi realizado pelo teste de produção de urease. Das 50 amostras examinadas, 16% (n = 8) foram positivas para C. neoformans e nos 10 bairros estudados, 60% (n = 6) foram positivos para o fungo. Os resultados mostraram que metade das amostras positivas foram encontradas em apenas dois bairros, sugerindo que a presença de C. neoformans em local público na cidade estudada pode ser considerada uma fonte potencial de infecção para humanos e animais.
Objetivo: Caracterizar diferentes componentes do padrão respiratório em pacientes portadores da Doença de Parkinson (DP) e em idosos assintomáticos. Método: Foram estudados 10 pacientes com DP com grau de acometimento III-IV segundo a escala de Hoehn e Yahr e 10 idosos assintomáticos. Variáveis respiratórias analisadas: volume corrente, freqüência respiratória, ventilação minuto, porcentagem do tempo inspiratório, fluxo inspiratório médio, contribuição da caixa torácica e do abdômen para o volume corrente, através da pletismografia respiratória por indutância calibrada. A análise estatística foi feita através do teste t de Student para grupos independentes. Resultados: Os pacientes com DP apresentaram volume corrente e fluxo inspiratório médio menores (p=0,01 e p=0,03 respectivamente), uma freqüência respiratória maior (p=0,03), resultando numa ventilação minuto significativamente menor (p=0,02) comparados aos idosos assintomáticos. Não houve diferença significativa em relação à contribuição da caixa torácica e do abdômen entre os dois grupos. Conclusão: Estes resultados apontaram alterações importantes em diferentes componentes do padrão respiratório em pacientes portadores da DP.
Exceto onde especificado diferentemente, a matéria publicada neste periódico é licenciada sob forma de uma licença Creative Commons -Atribuição 4. //dx.doi.org/10.17058/reci.v7i1.7380 Páginas 01 de 06 não para fins de citação Background and Objectives: Uniforms worn by professionals that have access to the Intensive Care Units (ICU) may contain bacteria resistant to different drugs and, therefore, it is of utmost importance to determine whether they carry microorganisms that are possibly pathogenic to patients and other professionals who work in these units. The study aimed to identify, through microbiological analysis, all microorganisms found in the private uniforms of professionals working in the ICU, to make a comparative analysis of bacterial growth in the samples collected at the beginning and the end of the study and verify the sensitivity profile of samples positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on sample collection from uniforms worn by professionals working in the three ICUs of a large public hospital. These collections were performed before and after being worn in the work environment. Cultures and antimicrobial sensitivity tests were performed. Results: After the microbiological analyses, we observed a 154% increase in the number of colonies when comparing the colonization of the initial samples with the final ones; among the identified microorganisms, there was a predominance of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (72.8%) followed by S. aureus (38.4%). The latter showed sensitivity to oxacillin of RESUMO ABSTRACT ARTIGO ORIGINAL Contaminação de uniformes privativos utilizados por profissionais que atuam nas unidades de terapia intensivaPrivate uniform contamination of healthcare professionals working in intensive care units Justificativa e Objetivos: Os uniformes utilizados para o acesso as Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) podem conter bactérias resistentes a diferentes drogas, devido a isso é de grande importância verificar se estes estão carreando microrganismos possivelmente patogênicos aos pacientes e demais profissionais que trabalham nestas unidades. Neste sentido o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar, por meio da análise microbiológica, os microrganismos presentes nos uniformes privativos de profissionais que atuam nas UTI, realizar uma análise comparativa de crescimento bacteriano nas amostras coletadas no início e fim de trabalho e verificar o perfil de sensibilidade das amostras positivas para Staphylococcus aureus. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado a partir da coleta de amostra dos uniformes utilizados por profissionais que trabalham nas três UTI de um hospital público de grande porte, essas coletas foram realizados antes e após serem utilizadas no ambiente de trabalho. Foram realizados cultura e teste de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos. Resultados: Depois das análises microbiológicas foi possível observar um aumento no número de colônias de 154% quando comparada a colonização das amostras iniciais com as amostras fin...
Introduction:Studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of exercise in patients with chronic kidney disease, however, based on current scientific literature, more research is needed to increase evidence level of potential effects of physical activity for this population. Objective: To evaluate effects of physical therapy based on the supervised exercise practice on functional capacity and life quality of patients with chronic kidney disease. Material and methods: This quasi-experimental study, with repeated measures design, was conducted in the ambulatory of physical therapy, in a public hospital, located in a city of the state of Pará (north region of Brazil). Functional capacity and life quality were assessed at baseline and after six weeks of aerobic and resistance training performed three times per week on alternate days with hemodialysis. Results: Eight patients (3M / 5F) with a mean age of 60.38 years (SD = 14.75) were evaluated. There was significant increase of 24% in distance walked in six minute walk test (p = 0.007), and of 47% in number of repetitions during sit-to-stand test (p = 0.002); there was also significant improvement in emotional role (p = 0.043) of life quality assessed with SF36 questionnaire. Conclusion: There was a positive impact of only six weeks of rehabilitation with physical exercise on functional capacity and emotional role of life quality of patients with chronic kidney disease. Keywords: Physical Therapy. Exercise. Rehabilitation. Renal insufficiency. Quality of life. Fisioter Mov. 2014 out/dez;27(4):643-51 Tomich GM, Bernardino LS, Ferreira FO. 644Resumo Introdução: Estudos têm demonstrado efeitos benéficos do exercício em pacientes com doença renal crônica, no entanto, com base na literatura científica atual, mais pesquisas são necessárias para aumentar o nível de evidência dos efeitos potenciais de atividade física para esta população. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da fisioterapia baseada na prática de exercício supervisionado sobre a capacidade funcional e a qualidade de vida de pacientes com doença renal crônica. Material e métodos: Este estudo quase-experimental, com repetidas medidas projeto, foi realizado no ambulatório de fisioterapia, em um hospital público, localizado em uma cidade do estado do Pará (região norte do Brasil). A capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida foram avaliadas no início e após seis semanas de treinamento aeróbico e de resistência realizados três vezes por semana em dias alternados com hemodiálise. Resultados: Oito pacientes (3M / 5F), com idade média de 60,38 anos (DP = 14,75) foram avaliados. Houve aumento significativo de 24% da distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (p = 0,007), e de 47% no número de repetições durante o teste sit-to--stand (p = 0,002); também houve melhora significativa nos aspectos emocionais (p = 0,043) da qualidade de vida avaliada com questionário SF-36. Conclusão: Houve um impacto positivo de apenas seis semanas de reabilitação com exercício físico na capacidade funcional e aspectos emocionais da qu...
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