This study aimed to evaluate adaptability and stability for leafing of peach genotypes in a subtropical climate. The design was completely randomized with three replicates (trees) and five branches per replicate in a factorial arrangement of 34 × 4 for genotypes and years, respectively. The beginning of budburst (5%), final budburst (75%) and fruit-bearing shoots formed at 45 days after the end of the budburst were evaluated for four years (2007-2010). The number of hours of temperature below 7.2 • C or 12 • C or above 20 • C from May to August was recorded. Adaptability and stability analyses were performed using GGE biplot methodology.

RESUMO Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar as influências da época, da concentração de AIB e da presença de folhas na propagação por estaquia da oliveira 'Koroneiki'. Estacas de 10 cm de comprimento foram retiradas da porção mediana de ramos de plantas de três anos de idade, na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, entre junho de 2013 e março de 2014. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro repetições de dez estacas, sendo um fatorial triplo [épocas (junho, setembro, dezembro, março); número de pares de folhas (0, 1 e 2) e concentração de AIB (0, 1.000, 2.000 e 3.000 mg L-1)]. O tratamento com AIB consistiu na imersão rápida da base da estaca, por cinco segundos, seguida do plantio em tubetes com substrato comercial. Após, as estacas permaneceram em câmara úmida, sob nebulização, por 60 dias. Decorrido este período, mensuraram-se a sobrevivência (%), a formação de calos (%), o número de brotos por estaca e o enraizamento (%). Para maiores sobrevivência, formação de calo e enraizamento é necessária a manutenção de, pelo menos, um par de folhas nas estacas. A estaquia em dezembro não é recomendada, independentemente das técnicas auxiliares utilizadas. Sem a utilização de AIB, recomenda-se realizar a estaquia em junho e setembro, desde que mantido um par de folhas. Para a estaquia realizada em março, deve-se manter pelo menos um par de folhas, em combinação com doses de 2.000 ou 3.000 mg L-1 de AIB.

rEsumo-A embriocultura permite desenvolver embriões de sementes que não germinariam em condições convencionais de semeadura. Esta técnica é útil na obtenção de cultivares de pessegueiro com maturação precoce. o uso de genótipos diferentes faz com que sejam necessários ajustes ao protocolo. o objetivo deste trabalho foi testar quatro tipos de meio de cultura (WPM, sH, Ms e sBH), em duas concentrações de sacarose (1,5 e 3%), a fim de avaliar qual a melhor combinação para o cultivo de embriões de pessegueiro in vitro. os genótipos utilizados como modelo do estudo foram 'Conserva 1129', em 2009, e 'Conserva 844', em 2010. Avaliaram-se a germinação, o desenvolvimento na fase in vitro, o comprimento de caule, número de folhas, sobrevivência das plântulas e formação de rosetas, em casa de vegetação. Considerando as condições em que os experimentos foram conduzidos, pode-se concluir que a estratificação e a germinação de embriões imaturos de pessegueiro in vitro melhoram quando realizadas em meios com maior concentração salina e de sacarose. termos para indexação: Prunus persica, pêssegos de maturação precoce,embriocultura, resgate de embriões.in vitro stratification of pEacH zigotic EmbrYos in diffErEnt culturE mEdia and sucrosE concEntrations abstract -The embryo culture technique allows developing embryos of the seeds that could not germinate in conventional planting conditions. This technique is very useful to improve breeding programmes of earlymaturing peach cultivars. The use of different genotypes makes to be necessary adjustments to the protocol. The objective of this study was to test four culture medium (WPM, sH, Ms and sBH) and two sucrose concentrations (1.5 and 3%) to find the best combination for growing peach embryos in vitro. The genotypes used as a model were 'Conserva 1129', in 2009, and 'Conserva 844', in 2010. There were evaluated the germination (quality of germination and percentage of normal germination) and in vitro development (roots and steam length, and number of leaves and secondary roots); the stem length, leaf number, percentage of embryo survival and formation of rosettes, during greenhouse establishment. Considering the conditions under which the experiments were conducted, it can be concluded that in vitro stratification and germination of immature peach embryos were improved when performed in media with higher salt concentration of sucrose. index terms: Prunus persica, early-maturing peach, embryo culture, embryo rescue. introdução dentre os métodos mais aplicados no melhoramento genético do pessegueiro, destaca-se a hibridação, seguida pelo plantio das sementes originadas deste processo (MonET;BAssi, 2008). Porém, sementes oriundas de frutas de maturação precoce possuem baixa porcentagem de germinação atribuída ao reduzido desenvolvimento do embrião. Cultivares que apresentam maturação inferior a 100 dias têm a maturação da fruta antecedida à do embrião, resultando na redução de germinação. Quando o ciclo da fruta (floração a colheita) estiver compreendido entre 75 e 90 dias, é necess...

-In Brazil, there are few studies and information available on consumer preferences for peaches and nectarines. This lack of information, has hindered some aspects of the production chain, as the choice and exploitation of more appropriate cultivars, offer periods, adoption of marketing and marketing strategies, consequently affecting the availability and commercialization of fruits. This study aimed to analyze the consumer preference of peaches and nectarines, evaluate the traits observed for their acquisition, and the marketplace where they are preferably purchased. The research was carried out from November 2016 to February 2017, using the descriptive research methodology, by Survey method and Web 2.0. A structured questionnaire was applied with closed questions. An online form questionnaire was prepared using the Google docs application and also distributed online, through the internet social Medias. 610 people participated in the survey, with predominance of consumers living in the South and Southeast regions of the country, in the age groups of 21 to 30 years old, with a predominance of female participants. Consumption is mainly in the in natura form, and often predominates certain times a year. Consumers buy these fruits mainly in the supermarkets/hypermarkets. The consumers of peaches and nectarines in Brazil have a higher preference for fruits with yellow flesh and red epidermis, followed by fruits with white flesh and intense red epidermis, both preferably with free stone. The main criteria for the acquisition of peaches and nectarines in Brazil are fruit appearance (presence and/or absence of defects, bruises, etc.); followed by price, color of epidermis and fruit size.

Calcium increases postharvest conservation of apples. Consequently, several calcium foliar sprays are generally applied to apple trees. Due to the low mobility of calcium in the phloem, foliar sprays may have low efficiency to supply calcium in the fruits. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different sources of calcium applied to the soil, compared to the foliar application, on the content of calcium in the soil, leaves and fruits, on yield and fruit quality of ‘Fuji’ apple trees. The following treatments were tested: control, soil application of calcium chloride, gypsum, Nitrabor®, hydrated lime and pulp sludge, and foliar application of calcium chloride. For all sources in the soil, 80 kg of calcium ha-1 year-1 were applied. For the foliar treatment, ten sprays with 0.4 % of calcium chloride were performed. The experiment was conducted in two seasons (2008/2009 and 2009/2010), in a complete randomized blocks design, with four replicates and two apple trees per plot. Even in a soil with high calcium content, the sources of calcium increase the calcium content in the soil and leaves, as well as the firmness of apples stored for 90 days. The use of gypsum and pulp sludge increase the calcium content in the flesh of ‘Fuji’ apples after two successive applications (2009/2010). The sources of calcium applied to the soil can replace the leaf application commonly used in apple orchards, in order to reduce production costs, provided there is no water restriction in the orchard.

Here, we reviewed both endogenous and exogenous factors involved in the processes of flower bud formation and flower development in peach, analyzing how they can be affected by climatic change in temperate zones, explored the expansion of peach to tropical or subtropical zones. The process of flower bud formation in peach differs between low winter chilling and temperate conditions. Although the main steps of flower development are maintained, the timing in which each one occurs is different, and some processes can be altered under low winter chilling conditions, with a great impact on fruit production and crop management. Further studies on flower bud induction and differentiation under warmer conditions are fundamental for addressing the alterations in flower bud development that negatively impact on next season’s harvest. In the future, horticulturalists and scientists will face several challenges, mainly how high temperatures affect the expression of the main genes regulating flower formation and how to improve crop management in these conditions.

Studies on the interaction of genetic and environmental effects on floral morphogenesis in peach trees grown in humid subtropical climate provide important information related to adaptation and for assisting in the selection of new cultivars. This study aimed to verify the genetic and environmental effects and to identify peach tree genotypes with greater shoot length, vegetative bud, flower bud density adaptability and stability under humid subtropical climate conditions. Twelve peach tree genotypes were evaluated over a period of eight years, during the growing season (2006/07 to 2013/14) in Pato Branco-PR, Brazil. Data were collected for shoot length (SL), flower bud density (FBD) and vegetative bud density (VBD), as well as temperature, humidity and precipitation. For the analysis of adaptability and stability we used GEE Biplot methodology. SL was influenced by the temperature and relative humidity. Increased exposure time to temperatures below 20 °C and above 30 °C, high thermal amplitude and relative humidity of less than 50% reduced shoot growth. VBD and FBD were predominantly controlled by the genetic factor. For VBD, the genotypes ‘Cascata 1055’ and ‘Conserva 681’ were the most adapted. For FBD, the genotypes ‘Cascata 1055’, ‘BRS Bonão’, ‘Conserva 681’, ‘Cascata 967’ and ‘BRS Kampai’ presented better adaptability. The genotypes more adapted to the FBD can be recommended for cultivation in the humid subtropical climate, since they also present greater stability in the production of fruits, independently of the meteorological conditions that occur during the vegetative and reproductive season.

de DEMIRSOY et al. (2004). Palavras-chave: Prunus persica, modelo, validação, análiseregressão stepwise. Kampai' peach trees. Further to this, a DEMIRSOY et al. (2004) DEMIRSOY et al. (2004). ABSTRACT The prediction of leaf area (LA) without causing damage to the plant is a subject of great interest in agricultural research. In this study, it was developed and tested three models based on the length (L), width (W) or both of these leaf dimensions of 'BRS