Background: Most common ovarian lesions include benign non-neoplastic lesions including functional cysts and neoplastic lesions. While among cancers of female genital tract, the incidence of ovarian cancer ranks below only carcinoma of cervix and endometrium. The aim of this study was to observe and evaluate the frequency and morphological pattern of different ovarian pathologies encountered in this tertiary care centre of rural India.Methods: This was a retrospective five years observational study (2012-16) and conducted at Department of Pathology of UPUMS, Saifai. The study material included 264 histopathology specimens received in our department.Results: Total 264 cases of ovarian pathologies were studied, in which 147 cases were non-neoplastic while remaining 117 cases were neoplastic. The most common non-neoplastic lesion was follicular cyst (51.7%), followed by corpus luteal cyst (30.61%), endometriosis (15.64%). Among 117 neoplastic cases, 87 cases (74.35%) were benign, 5 cases (4.27%) were borderline tumours and 25 cases (21.36%) were diagnosed malignant. Serous cystadenoma was most common benign tumour with 53 cases (45.29%) followed by 20 cases (17.09%) of dermoid cyst and 12 cases (10.25%) of mucinous cystadenoma. While in malignant tumours, serous adenocarcinoma were most common (4.27%) followed by mucinous adenocarcinoma (2.56%).Conclusions: In our study, non-neoplastic ovarian lesions were more commonly seen than neoplastic lesions. Surface epithelial tumours were most common histologic type in all age groups. While serous adenocarcinoma was most common ovarian malignancy seen. Both non-neoplastic as well as neoplastic lesions of ovary often present with similar clinical and radiological features. So histopathological study is essential to diagnose ovarian tumours.
BackgroundDiagnosing female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is very difficult by routine laboratory investigations. Collecting tissues from genital structures, especially from tubes for histology, is impossible. The cartridgebased nucleic amplification (CBNAAT)/Xpert RIF test is a new polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method that is quick and may diagnose FGTB from any tissue type; however, it should not be contaminated with blood. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of CBNAAT and the histology of genital tissue in suspected cases. Materials and methodsThis was a prospective study of the diagnostic efficacy of 91 cases of suspected FGTB randomly selected from March 2018 to September 2019 at a rural tertiary care center. Endometrial tissue collected in 86 patients (59 infertility, 27 menstrual irregularities) and tubal/peritoneal tissue from hysterectomy or laparotomy specimens of five participants who underwent surgery were sent for histopathological analysis and CBNAAT and the results were evaluated and compared. ResultsThere were 59 (64.83%) and 32 (35.2%) cases of infertility and menstrual irregularities, respectively. Primary infertility (38; 41.75%) was the most common complaint. Endometrial biopsies (EB) of two (2.23%) cases were found positive for tuberculosis (TB) both on histopathological examination (HPE) and CBNAAT. In addition, both patients had primary infertility. Of the 32 cases with menstrual abnormalities (27 EB and three tubal tissue, two peritoneal and nodular tissue), none were found to be positive for TB on HPE or CBNAAT. A highly significant association was found between histopathology and CBNAAT (p<0.0001) in the endometrial tissue of infertile patients. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 100% for CBNAAT, with reference to histopathology. ConclusionWe recommend CBNAAT for the early detection of FGTB, with the added advantage of early results, minimal technical expertise, and detection of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB).
The study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of premalignant lesions of cervix and to compare the diagnostic efficacy of liquid based Cytology and Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid in predicting pre- malignant lesions of cervix. It was a facility based cross sectional study conducted on sexually active women in the age group of 18 to 60 years. Detailed history was obtained from all the patients followed by thorough examination. Per Speculum Examination, LBC and VIA was performed in all cases using standard procedure. Women with either positive VIA or with positive Cervical Cytology (LBC) or both positive, were subjected to cervical biopsy. A total of 2195 women were enrolled for LBC and VIA both. Liquid based cytology revealed premalignant lesions in 4.2% cases whereas VIA was positive in 7% cases. Histopathology revealed CIN 1, 2 and 3 in 22.5%, 11.1% and 4.1% cases respectively. Sensitivity of VIA was 76% and that of LBC was 55% whereas specificity of LBC was higher (70.88%) as compared to VIA (46.5%). VIA is more sensitive than the LBC for the detection of pre malignant lesions of the cervix.
Background: Breast tumours are very common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide specially in developing countries. Breast lesions show broad spectrum of disease patterns in respect to benign, malignant, and non-neoplastic. Breast cancer is one of the most frequently occurring cancer among women.Objective: To study the frequency, age distribution, clinical and histological patterns of neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions of breast in this rural population. Material and methods:This observational study was conducted over a duration of three years. In which we studied 210 cases of breast lesions. Specimens were received in department of pathology. Grossing, tissue processing, staining done according to standard protocol. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections were examined under microscope to categorise different type of lesions in the form of non-neoplastic and neoplastic.Results: Out of 210 breast lesions, fibroadenoma was the commonest (114 cases) benign lesion. While invasive ductal carcinoma (70 cases) was commonest in malignant category. Non neoplastic lesions stand on third place, study showed 6 cases out of 210 total cases, in which acute mastitis (4 cases) was most common. Benign tumours were mostly seen in 2 nd and 3 rd decade and malignant tumour mainly in 5 th and 6 th decade Conclusion: Early histopathological diagnosis of breast lesions is very important to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions. Large number of cases of invasive ductal carcinoma (>33% of all cases) were seen in our study, which is a serious concern. So, generation of awareness among women is need of time to reduce the morbidity and mortality specially in Indian rural setup.
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