Background: Objective of current study was to compare between intramuscular (IM) and intravenous (IV) magnesium sulfate regimen in terms of efficacy, side effects, maternal and fetal outcome. Methods: A prospective study was performed on 82 patients from September 2008 to January 2010 and comparison was made between IV and IM group, each group consisting of 17 patients of eclampsia and 24 patients of severe preeclampsia. IV group received continuous IV magnesium sulfate (IV MgSO 4) consisting of 4gm of loading dose, administered over 15 minutes followed by maintenance dose of 2gm/hour. The IM group received intramuscular magnesium sulfate (IM MgSO 4) according to Pritchard regimen. Results: Recurrence of convulsion in was found in 1/17 (5.88%) of eclamptic patients in IV and 1/17 (5.88%) in IM group which is statistically not significant (P = 1).There was no occurrence of convulsion in any of the cases having severe eclampsia in either group. There was statistically no significant difference in maternal death between the two groups (IM = 1/41(2.43%) and no mortality in IV group, P = 0.314). Statistically higher incidence (P = 0.034) of sign of impending toxicity such as loss of patellar reflex was seen in IM group as compared to IV group. Other signs of toxicity such as oliguria, respiratory rate depression though more in IM group, were statistically insignificant. There were no significant differences in other measures of serious maternal morbidity, in perinatal morbidity or mortality. Conclusions: Both the groups are comparable in terms of control and prevention of recurrence of convulsions, maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Background: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is the rupture of the fetal membranes before the onset of labor. Preterm PROM complicates approximately 3 percent of pregnancies and leads to one third of preterm births. It increases the risk of prematurity and leads to a number of other perinatal and neonatal complications.Methods: This was a prospective study carried out at the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, UPUMS, Saifai from April 2018 to September 2018 (6 months study). Patients with Spontaneous rupture of membranes any time beyond 28th week of pregnancy, but before the onset of labour. Patients with following conditions were excluded from the study- meconium stain liquor, cord prolapse, antepartum haemorrhage, active infection at other sites, active liver disease.Results: A total of 103 cases of premature rupture of membrane (PROM) were recorded from April 2018 to September 2019 among 1523 admitted pregnant patients. Most of the patients 56 (54.36%) were delivered by caesarean section (C/S). Previous C/S, oligohydramnios, fetal distress, chorioamnionitis were the common indications for doing C/S. Forty-seven (45.63%) patients were delivered vaginally.Conclusions: Most of the affected women belongs to 20-24 years of age (53.39%). Term PROM was more in comparison to PPROM and most of them were multigravidae. Cesarean section rate was high. Most common complication was of subclinical urogenital infection (51.02%).

Introduction: The regularity of menstrual cycle depends on many factors like genetic makeup, hormonal balance, weight and height, chronic medical illness and psychological problems. Life of medical students is very stressful, their food habits and sedentary lifestyle make them more prone for many menstrual abnormalities. Aim: This study was conducted to find out the menstrual abnormalities and its association with different biological variables like BMI, food habits and physical activity. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at U.P.U.M.S. Saifai, Etawah between July-August 2019 on 150 Female medical students. All the willing female medical students were asked to fill preformed self-structured questionnaire (weight, height, menstrual pattern and abnormalities, food habits, addiction, physical activity, relevant medical and surgical history) and association was sought between menstrual abnormalities and different demographic factors by using Pearson chi-square test. Results: The mean age of students were 21.9 years. Mean age at menarche was 13.4 years. A total of 2.7% students ate junk food daily; 18% (27) girls had irregular cycles out of which only five girls had taken treatment for this. Amount of blood loss during menstruation was found to be increased in 5.8% girls that consumed junk food (p=0.13). There was no significant correlation found between pattern of menstrual cycle and BMI, physical activity, addiction. Dysmenorrhea and PMS was less in the girls that were on restricted diet for weight reduction (46.1% and 61.5%, respectively) but this difference was not statistically significant. There was significant association between dysmenorrhea and regular consumption of junk food. Dysmenorrhea and PMS was also less in the girls that exercised regularly (45.2% and 69% respectively) (p=0.4). PMS was significantly associated with addiction to tea or coffee (p=0.04). Conclusion: In this study dysmenorrhea and PMS was the most common menstrual abnormalities. Medication was being taken mostly for dysmenorrhea. Most of the parameters did not show a significant association so a larger study or multicentric study is required.

Background:The term delivery is defined as that occurring between 259 and 294 days of pregnancy from the last menstrual period. If the pregnancy exceeds this period, it is called as post term pregnancy. Our center is in rural area where most of the patients are unbooked or even booked patients are also loss of follow up. So, this study was done to know the incidence of prolonged pregnancy and maternal and fetal outcome in case of prolonged pregnancy in our rural population. Methods: This study was a retrospective observational study for 1 year, to analyze the maternal and fetal outcome of post term pregnancies. Data was collected from hospital record and analysed. Results: Out of 5210 total deliveries 1.49 % were beyond 42 wks. 57.69 % patients delivered vaginally whereas 42.3 % patients needed cesarean section. 6.41 % neonates developed meconium aspiration syndrome and 15.38 % of neonates needed NICU admission for different indications. Conclusions: This study concluded that prolonged pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes like fetal distress, meconium aspiration syndrome and more neonatal ICU admissions. The outcome of prolonged pregnancy can be improved by proper counselling for follow up during pregnancy and proper monitoring and appropriate management during labour.

Background: Tramadol has less maternal sedative effect and less neonatal depression, combines the mechanism of action of opioids and tricyclic antidepressants, now widely used for postoperative and obstetric analgesia. The aim the present study was to assess the efficacy and safety of intravenous infusion of tramadol as a safe analgesia for labour. Methods: The study was conducted on hundred primigravida with vertex presentation in active phase of labour. The following points were noted, (1) the time of onset of pain relief; (2) the degree of pain relief. (3) Maternal and foetal adverse effects. Results: Good relief of pain in 27 patient and moderate relief of pain in 16 patient and mild relief of pain in 7 patients was observed. The average time of onset in pain relief was 13 minutes. Majority of the parturients did not suffer from any adverse effects in our study. Conclusions: The tramadol hydrochloride intravenous infusion is safe and effective analgesia for labour.