Background: To study the role of hyperhomocysteinemia in unexplained infertility and the impact of its correction with vitamin and mineral supplementation. Methods: Total of 60 patients were included with 30 patients in case and 30 patients in control groups. Cases included patients with history of inability to conceive with frequent regular unprotected intercourse for at least 1 year. Controls included age matched parous females with at least one live birth and no history of abortions. Among the patients of unexplained infertility with hyperhomocysteinemia, homocysteine lowering agents were given and outcome studied in the form of lowering of homocysteine levels and number of conceptions. Results: The mean age was 28.1 years in study and 29.5 years in the control group .Mean level of serum homocysteine was significantly higher in study group than normal fertile women i.e.20.5µmol/l and 10.9 µmol/l respectively. Among the patients of unexplained infertility, 22(73.3%) were found to have range above the normal healthy levels. In these patients homocysteine lowering agents were given for 6 weeks and lowering of mean homocysteine levels was observed which was 10.4 µmol/l. Six (27.3%) patients conceived spontaneously during the follow up period. Conclusions: Serum homocysteine levels are inversely correlated with infertility. Homocysteine lowering agents have a favourable impact on the outcome of infertility and their use is suggested in cases of unexplained infertility associated with hyperhomocysteinemia. [Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 2013; 2(2.000): 165-171
Background: Tramadol has less maternal sedative effect and less neonatal depression, combines the mechanism of action of opioids and tricyclic antidepressants, now widely used for postoperative and obstetric analgesia. The aim the present study was to assess the efficacy and safety of intravenous infusion of tramadol as a safe analgesia for labour. Methods: The study was conducted on hundred primigravida with vertex presentation in active phase of labour. The following points were noted, (1) the time of onset of pain relief; (2) the degree of pain relief. (3) Maternal and foetal adverse effects. Results: Good relief of pain in 27 patient and moderate relief of pain in 16 patient and mild relief of pain in 7 patients was observed. The average time of onset in pain relief was 13 minutes. Majority of the parturients did not suffer from any adverse effects in our study. Conclusions: The tramadol hydrochloride intravenous infusion is safe and effective analgesia for labour.
1. To study the knowledge about carcinoma cervix and its screening method. 2. To survey the attitude and practice of screening methods among the nurses. This cross-sectional study was conducted in T.S. Mishra medical college & hospital, Lucknow in the month of January and February 2021. Total 100 participants from the nursing staff, who wished to participate in our study, were chosen randomly. A self administered, structured and pretested questionnaire based on general characteristic, knowledge, attitude and actual practice of nursing staff was used to gather information related to screening of cervical cancer.: In our study 85% participants had knowledge that for screening of carcinoma cervix, pap smear is a type of screening modality and most of them(80%) are agreed upon that chronic vaginal discharge could be a cause of carcinoma cervix and 55% knows that HPV is a risk factor for carcinoma cervix pap smear can detect cervical cancer. About 40% had knowledge that cervical cancer can present as postcoital bleeding and 55% of the respondents were well aware that HPV infection is a risk factor for cervical carcinoma. Only 30% of the participants had screened themselves for cervical cancer in past.: Our study shows that the knowledge about carcinoma cervix screening is good among nursing staff but they did not know how to implement this knowledge for screening of patients. Healthcare givers should be trained and promoted so that they can help in community screening and spread of knowledge of this screening facility for prevention of carcinoma cervix in the community.
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