The transition to industry 4.0 has impacted factories, but it also affects the entire value chain. In this sense, human-centred factors play a core role in transitioning to sustainable manufacturing processes and consumption. The awareness of human roles in Industry 4.0 is increasing, as evidenced by active work in developing methods, exploring influencing factors, and proving the effectiveness of design oriented to humans. However, numerous studies have been brought into existence but then disconnected from other studies. As a consequence, these studies in industry and research alike are not regularly adopted, and the network of studies is seemingly broad and expands without forming a coherent structure. This study is a unique attempt to bridge the gap through the literature characteristics and lessons learnt derived from a collection of case studies regarding human-centred design (HCD) in the context of Industry 4.0. This objective is achieved by a well-rounded systematic literature review whose special unit of analysis is given to the case studies, delivering contributions in three ways: (1) providing an insight into how the literature has evolved through the cross-disciplinary lens; (2) identifying what research themes associated with design methods are emerging in the field; (3) and setting the research agenda in the context of HCD in Industry 4.0, taking into account the lessons learnt, as uncovered by the in-depth review of case studies.
Design Thinking is visualized as the central strategy to promote entrepreneurial skills in European schools. Europe needs future generations to be more entrepreneurial in their attitudes to achieve a strong position in the international economy. Entrepreneurial thinking needs to be fostered from an early age. With this aim, a review of current entrepreneurial teaching practices is undertaken and the key skills related to entrepreneurship are identified for school aged students. This paper argues that the basic principles of Design Thinking have the potential to promote entrepreneurial competencies in European school curricula.
The new era of the user experience is focused on the hedonic and emotional aspects of the interaction between the user and the machine, beyond the pragmatic vision of the usability analysis. This new approach has become the main goal of many products, interfaces and service designs. However, in the industrial contexts, where Human Machine Interface (HMI) design traditionally has been focused on usability optimization and task efficiency, the user experience has hardly been studied. In the new industrial era, referred as industry 4.0, the connected intelligent systems would need to communicate and cooperate with the humans to improve the quality and productivity. So, the knowledge that user experience discipline can provide is crucial. In view of this situation, this paper presents an evaluation method of the employees' experience while interacting with the industrial HMIs, in order to optimize the interactive workplaces. As a result, this new framework enables the identification of critical issues on the interaction experience and facilitates the creation of new HMI solutions.
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