Introduction:Early diagnosis and accurate treatment of candida infected patients helps to reduce the risk of infection and improves patient outcome. Candida isolation, speciation and its invasiveness can be determined by culture, antigen and antibody estimation, glucan estimation and PCR. The present study aimed at candida isolation, speciation and detection of biofilm production among various clinical samples. Material and Methods: Various clinical samples such as urine, pus, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, body fluids, tissue, oral and ear swabs etc. were collected from patients in a sterile container and transported immediately to Microbiology laboratory and processed according to standard protocols.
Anticoagulants used for many indications, both prophylaxis and therapeutic treatment, are associated with high risk, hence drug utilization evaluation is essential. Objective: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the drug utilization of anticoagulants, assessment of anticoagulant cost in the prescription, identify and assess drug interactions with the use of anticoagulants. Method: This is a 6 months, prospective cross sectional study, evaluating 263 patients for their prescriptions containing anticoagulants in a tertiary care hospital in south India. Results: During the study period, among anticoagulants prescribed, Heparin is found most commonly prescribed for treatment as well as prophylaxis mainly in the cardiology and neurology wards. Acenocoumarol was the second most prescribed anticoagulant followed by Dalteparin Warfarin and Rivaroxaban. Intravenous heparin was prescribed in majority of inpatients of all the departments followed by Acenocoumarol and Enoxaparin. Only few Patients from departments other than cardiology and neurology are prescribed with Enoxaparin, Dalteparin Warfarin and Rivaroxaban. In the discharge prescriptions, Acenocoumarol and Enoxaparin were mainly observed. Among all the prescriptions, 7 cases are found to be prescribed with anticoagulants without any indication, which may increase treatment cost burden on patients. Dose adjustment for lower molecular weight heparin for patients with renal impairment was observed in the present hospital. But the monitoring parameters PT, PTT & INR are performed only in few patients. Moderate drug interactions are found in the prescriptions with mainly heparin and Acenocoumarol.
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