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Businesses have integrated sustainability reporting into their corporate responsibility efforts. However, universities, as the hubs of sustainability awareness, have been struggling with reporting their sustainability practices. The purpose of this study is to examine sustainability assessment tools in higher education institutions and develop a sustainability reporting assessment tool suitable for evaluating sustainability reporting in these institutions. The study attempts to fill the research lacuna in sustainability reporting in these institutions. In doing so, this study proposes a tool for assessing sustainability reporting in higher education institutions and applies the framework to the University of California. The result of the study shows that University of California is performing stronger in environmental and educational dimensions while social and governance/economic dimensions are lagging behind. Finally, it is concluded that assessment tools have failed to recognize reporting as an integral part of sustainability in universities and sustainability reporting among these institutions is still embryonic.

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Purpose – This paper aims at focusing on female entrepreneurs in Kosovo. It treats the conditions and perspectives of female entrepreneurship development and an array of problems that female entrepreneurs are facing. Design/methodology/approach – To get a better picture on the profile of the female entrepreneurs in Kosovo, motives, problems and perspectives that stand in front of female entrepreneurs in Kosovo, a survey was conducted during the period of January-February 2015. From 90 distributed questionnaires, 70 responses were received, which means the response rate was 78 per cent. Findings – The authors found that the majority of female entrepreneurs in Kosovo operate micro-businesses; are well educated; mostly operate in the trade sector; majority of them generate incomes from 20,000-40,000; most of them have business experience up to six years; obtaining financing sources is the main problem; and are good in financial management. Practical implications – A useful information source for students, academics and policy-makers. Originality/value – This paper addresses an under-researched country, that is Kosovo.

Innovation is essential for sustainable growth and development, and it is one of the key European Union (EU) strategies. The Programme for Competition and Innovation of the EU is especially important for the economic revival and small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) development in transition countries. There are several core conditions which enable innovation and encourage economic growth and development. According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) the most important are: strong standards and effective enforcement of intellectual property protection; dynamic competition and contestable markets; a strong and sustainable fundamental research and development infrastructure; encouraging information and communications technology developments and a strong emphasis on education at all levels. The current paper examines the most critical and interlinked conditions in the context of the FYR of Macedonia.