Innovation and Economic Development: The Case of FYR of Macedonia

Abstract

Innovation is essential for sustainable growth and development, and it is one of the key European Union (EU) strategies. The Programme for Competition and Innovation of the EU is especially important for the economic revival and small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) development in transition countries. There are several core conditions which enable innovation and encourage economic growth and development. According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) the most important are: strong standards and effective enforcement of intellectual property protection; dynamic competition and contestable markets; a strong and sustainable fundamental research and development infrastructure; encouraging information and communications technology developments and a strong emphasis on education at all levels. The current paper examines the most critical and interlinked conditions in the context of the FYR of Macedonia.

Supporting opportunities for female entrepreneurs in Jordan

“…Entrepreneurship has been largely considered as one of the major drivers of economic and societal development (Bruton, Ketchen, & Ireland, 2013;Ramadani, Gërguri, Rexhepi, & Abduli, 2013). Within this phenomenon women play a pivotal role, yet they also face major challenges.…”

Entrepreneurship and Small Business in the Republic of Macedonia

“…In order to encourage entrepreneurial and small business initiatives, the Republic of Macedonia should provide a favorable, friendly business climate — which means good protection of property rights, effective execution of contracts, rule of law, qualitative and non‐arbitrary regulation, stable and predictable government policy, fight against corruption, elimination of administrative and bureaucratic barriers, favorable tax policy provisions for this type of investment, opportunities for broad absorption power of the market, etc. In order to enforce the promotion and formulation of national entrepreneurship policy there are several ministries, agencies, and organizations that are actively involved — such as (Ramadani et al ., 2013) the Ministry of Economy (MoE), Department for Entrepreneurship and Competitiveness of SMEs, Department for Industrial Policy, Ministry of Education and Science (MoES), Department for the Advancement of Science and Technological–Technical Development, Ministry of Information Society and Administration (MoISA), Agency for Financial Support in Agriculture and Rural Development (IPARD), Center for Entrepreneurship and Executive Development (CEED), Macedonian Bank for Development Promotion (MBDP), etc. Also, some programs and instruments have been put in place to increase entrepreneurship capacities — such as the Central European Initiative Know‐how Exchange Program (CEI‐KEP), Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Program (CIP), European Fund for the Balkans (EFB), Instrument for Pre‐Accession Assistance (IPA), Open Regional Fund for Foreign Trade Promotion in South‐East Europe (ORF), Technology Transfer Project, GIZ (German International Cooperation Program), USAID Macedonia (Macedonia Competitiveness Project), Small & Medium Enterprise Development Credit Authority (SME DCA) (2007–2014), USAID Business without Borders Project (2011–2013), Creative Business Project (2010–2013), USAID's GDA Digital Media Park (2006–open end), USAID Microenterprise Funding and Learning for Growth Project (2011–2016), etc.…”

Aspectos da imersão em mídias sociais por MPEs de desenvolvimento de software : estudo de caso múltiplo

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