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We discuss clinical symptoms and radiological findings of variable esophageal foreign bodies as well as therapeutic procedures in Caucasian pediatric patients. A retrospective study of 192 cases of suspected esophageal foreign bodies between 1998 and 2010 was conducted. Data were statistically analyzed by chi-square test. A foreign body was removed from a digestive tract of 163 children aged 6 months to 15 years (mean age 4.9). Most objects were located within cricopharyngeal sphincter. Dysphagia occurred in 43%, followed by vomiting (29%) and drooling (28%). The most common objects were coins. Plain chest X-rays demonstrated aberrations in 132 cases, and in doubtful situations an esophagram test was ordered. In the group of thirty-seven patients whose radiograms were normal, esophagoscopy revealed fifteen more objects, which were eventually successfully removed. No major complications occurred. Esophagram should be a second X-ray examination if an object is not detected in plain chest X-ray. We recommend a rigid esophagoscopy under general anesthesia in doubtful cases as a safe treatment for pediatric patients.

The A1555G mutation in the 12SrRNA gene has been associated with aminoglycoside induced and nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing impairment. In this study we analyzed Hungarian, Polish and German patients with nonsyndromic severe to profound hearing impairment of unknown origin for this mutation. The frequency of the A1555G mutation in the Hungarian hearing impaired population was below 1.8 %. Three out of 125 Polish patients carrying the A1555G mutation were identified. Among German patients one carrier was found (0.7 %) revealing a homoplastic A1555G mutation, whereas no mutation was detected in control individuals with normal hearing (frequency < 0.6%). In summary the frequencies of the A1555G mutation are low in the hearing impaired as well as in the normal population in Hungary, Poland and Germany. Since the importance of this mutation and its relationship with aminoglycoside exposure is not well understood yet, patients with nonsyndromic hearing impairment should be routinely screened for this mutation to avoid aminoglycoside induced hearing impairment due to increased sensitivity of maternal relatives.

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BackgroundDespite advances in the development of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, acute otitis media (AOM) is a common childhood infection, caused mainly by Streptococcus pneumoniae. It has been suggested that persistence of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage is a risk factor for subsequent recurrent infections.MethodsIn this study we evaluate the relationship between 55 pneumococcal strains obtained from nasopharynx/oropharynx (NP/OP) and middle ear fluid (MEF) of 62 children, aged between 1 and 16 years, during AOM (including recurrent/treatment failure AOM, and post-treatment visits), based on their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics performed by analyses of serotype, antibiotic susceptibility patterns and multilocus sequence typing.ResultsS.pneumoniae was isolated from 27.4% of MEF samples; it constituted 43.6% of all positive bacterial samples from MEF samples. There was statistically significant concordance between isolation from the MEF sample and NP/OP colonization by S. pneumoniae (p < 0.0001). During post-treatment visits S.pneumoniae was isolated from 20.8% of children; 91% of them were positive in pneumococcal NP/OP culture during AOM. The serotypes belonging to 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines constituted 84% and 92% of the strains, respectively. Multidrug resistance was found in 84% of the strains. According to multivariate analysis, pneumococcal colonization after antibiotic therapy was significantly associated with shorter length of therapy in children with bilateral AOM.ConclusionsHigh persistent prevalence of antibiotic-resistant S.pneumoniae strains in children with AOM after unsuccessful bacterial eradication may presumably be regarded as a predisposing factor of infection recurrence.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3398-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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