Prospective cohort study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We followed 93,775 women participating in the Nurses' Health Study II between 1991 and 2013 who had no prior history of cardiovascular disease, cancer, or diabetes and who reported the usual length and regularity of their menstrual cycles at ages of 14-17, 18-22, and 28-48 years. We obtained hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the relationships between menstrual cycle characteristics and mortality from Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for relevant confounders including body mass index, race/ethnicity, and physical activity, and lifestyle factors.RESULTS: We documented 1679 deaths, including 828 from cancer, and 166 from cardiovascular disease, during 1,729,410 person-years of followup. After adjustment for various covariates, women reported that their menstrual cycles were always irregular between the ages of 14-17 and 18-22 were 21% [HR¼1.21 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.40)] and 34% [HR¼1.34 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.66)], respectively, more likely to die from any causes during follow-up than women reporting very regular menstrual cycles in the same age range. A similar relation was observed with irregular menstrual cycles between the ages of 28-48 years. Likewise, women reporting a current usual cycle length of 32-39 days or of R40 days were more likely to die from any causes during follow-up than women whose current usual cycle length was 26-31 days [HRs ¼1.23 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.45), and 1.28 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.55), respectively]. Elevated HR for cardiovascular and cancer mortality was also associated with longer menstrual cycle lengths (>32 days) between the ages of 28-48 years.CONCLUSIONS: Irregular and long menstrual cycles are associated with an increased risk of mortality.
sperm collected from cauda epididymis (C57BL6 inbred and B6D2F1 outbred) for 4-6h. Zygotes were cultured either in suboptimal Whitten's medium and 20% O2 (IVFWM) or in optimal KSOM medium with amino acids and 5% O2 (IVFKAA) for 96h in 37 C. Control blastocysts were flushed from the uterus of mated mice (FB mice). Blastocysts were transferred to pseudo-pregnant recipients. Pups were reared to adulthood and peripheral tissues were collected and serum corticosterone levels measured. Total RNA and protein were isolated from fat, muscle and liver. mRNA expression of GR and a selected group of GR-downstream target genes were analyzed by qPCR; GR protein level by Western Blot. One-way AN-OVA with post hoc correction was used as appropriate; p<0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS: Serum corticosterone levels were not different. Increased GR expression was observed in blastocysts conceived by IVF, being higher in the group using suboptimal conditions (IVFWM) in both strains. Interestingly, fat tissue of both inbred and outbred males exhibited a 2-fold increase in the expression of GR mRNA and protein. Instead, females did not exhibit any changes in GR levels in all the tissues tested. Finally, known downstream targets of GR were upregulated in the fat tissue of male mice.CONCLUSIONS: Male mice conceived by IVF have higher GR levels and GR-target genes expression in fat tissues. Importantly, these findings indicate that memory of the preimplantation environment is maintained in adulthood in a tissue and sex specific manner. The metabolic implications of these findings are discussed. Concurrent studies are further evaluating epigenetic changes at the GR promoter.
RR 4.9, 95% CI 2.2-17.6, p¼0.002) (Table). History of infertility prior to cancer was associated with lower rates of pregnancy by 12 months (RR 4.8, 95% CI 2.3-9.9, p<0.001). Prior smoking, race, medical comorbidity, history of miscarriage, and number of prior pregnancies were not associated with clinical infertility.. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of cancer survivors who conceived became pregnant within 12 months, with a similar distribution of time to pregnancy to the general population. History of infertility prior to cancer and BMT exposure were associated with clinical infertility in female AYA cancer survivors. The lack of significant association with alkylators and radiation is likely due to a smaller effect that could not be detected by this sample size.
53.8% vs. 22.5%; p¼ .027). In 19 cases, one or more contractions of the blastocyst were observed but no relation with implantation was confirmed.CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of warmed blastocysts by time lapse imaging is providing new promising markers for blastocyst implantation potential and represents a novel alternative to morphological evaluation, establishing objective quantitative values linked with clinical outcome. However, further studies are required to validate the predictive power of this technology.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify potential lipid biomarkers related to the embryo vitrification, since this procedure is extremely important for assisted reproduction and may affect the development and the lipid profile of embryos.DESIGN: Prospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mice females C57BL/6J were superovulated, the embryos were collected after 60 hours in 8-cell stage and were divided into two groups: the control group, in wich embryos were cultured in 5% CO2 incubator until the blastocyst stage and evaluated based on their development time, and the experimental group, composed of vitrified embryos, that were thawed after 5 days, cultured in 5% CO2 until the blastocyst stage and also evaluated based on their development time. The lipids were extracted using the Bligh & Dyer method and were analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI-TOF/MS). Statistical analysis was performed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and partial least squares -discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and the 15 ions corresponding to the potential lipid biomarkers were identified by the variable importance in projection (VIP).RESULTS: There was a lower rate of vitrified blastocyst group of 75.60% against 94.82% in the control group and variation in the rate at 24.40% of degenerated embryos vitrified group and 5.18% in the control group and rate variation in the degenerate embryos vitrified group of 24.40% and 5.18% in the control group. The PCA demonstrated that the principal component five better indicates the variance between the groups, presenting a prediction model with 81% of accuracy. The experimental group presented ganglioside, anthocyanins, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol as higher represented lipids and the experimental group presented flavonoids, phosphatidylserine and anthocyanins hyper-represented.CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant difference between the development rate after vitrification and the lipid profile differs significantly between embryos in the blastocyst stage and embryos subjected to cryopreservation. The lipids found in this study are related to good embryo quality in the control group and may present a broadly correlation with altered metabolism in the experimental group, indicating that despite the vitrification is essential, this is a procedure that affects the lipids embryo quality. This lipids are potential biomarkers since they may help in the development of procedures that may improve vitrification and reduce embryos damage.
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