A 60-day experiment was carried out to study the effect of sub-lethal concentration of cypermethrin (1/10th of LC(50)) exposure on haematological and biochemical parameters of the Indian major carp, Catla catla fingerlings. Under exposure, the total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count, haemoglobin content and haematocrit were decreased. All the studied serum parameters viz. total serum protein, albumin, globulin contents and albumin-globulin ratio were significantly decreased in cypermethrin-exposed fishes. A marked increase was recorded in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in liver, whereas lactate dehydrogenase activity of muscle and acetylcholine esterase activity in brain were inhibited in cypermethrin-exposed fish. The membrane transport enzymes (total adenosine triphosphatase, sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase and magnesium adenosine triphosphatase) activities were decreased significantly in the gills of C. catla exposed to sub-lethal concentration of cypermethrin. The present study indicates that sub-lethal exposure of C. catla fingerlings to cypermethrin alters the haematological and biochemical parameters.
The effect of dietary fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) at inclusion levels of 0% (control), 5% (FPH5), 10% (FPH10) and 15% (FPH15) (w/w) on growth, digestive enzyme activity, immune response and antioxidant status of striped murrel, Channa striata (4.18 ± 0.04 g), was evaluated. The dietary FPH inclusion had significantly increased weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control (p < 0.05). The specific activities of digestive enzymes (amylase and total protease) and transaminases (AST and ALT) were similar in all the treatment groups (p > 0.05). The inclusion of dietary FPH had no influence on SOD and NBT (p > 0.05). The antioxidant enzyme catalase was lower in the FPH5 group than in other treatment groups. Fish fed a diet supplemented with FPH had higher haemoglobin, WBC and albumin levels than the control group, indicating better health. The fish fed FPH10 displayed significantly improved serum lysozyme and myeloperoxidase compared with control, FPH5 and FPH15. Remarkably, qRT‐PCR revealed significant upregulation of IGF‐I in FPH10 and FPH15; complement component C3 in FPH10; and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) in the fish fed FPH15 when compared to the control group. Based on the results of growth performance and immune response, it can be concluded that FPH at 10% may be recommended in the diet of striped murrel fingerlings.
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