The present study was carried out to investigate the sub-lethal toxicity of technical grade deltamethrin (a synthetic pyrethroid) of concentration 1.61 lg/L (1/3rd of 96 h LC 50) on hematological and biochemical parameters of catla (Catla catla) fingerlings and its amelioration through dietary vitamin C. The deltamethrin exposed fishes were fed with different levels of supplemented vitamin C such as 50, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg diet to see its ameliorating effect by assaying hematological parameters viz. total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), hemoglobin content (Hb), total serum protein, albumin, globulin, albumin-globulin ratio and biochemical parameters such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acetylcholine esterase (AChE), alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), total adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), magnesium adenosine triphosphatase (Mg 2+-ATPase) and sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na + , K +-ATPase) activities. The finding of this study showed that deltamethrin had negative effect on the hematological and biochemical parameters of Catla catla. The experimental group, which was exposed to deltamethrin and fed with normal diet showed significantly lower values (P 6 0.05) of all parameters studied except ALT activity. This might be due to possible disruption of hematopoiesis and proteosynthesis. However, the fish fed with varied concentration of vitamin C in diets neutralized the toxic effect of deltamethrin, as evidenced by significantly lowered hematological and biochemical response. Vitamin C @ 1000 mg/kg diet was the most effective in amelioration of harmful effect of deltamethrin on hematological and biochemical parameters of catla fingerlings. The result suggests that vitamin C can be effectively used to neutralize the toxic effect of deltamethrin on catla.
A 60-day experiment was carried out to study the effect of sub-lethal concentration of cypermethrin (1/10th of LC(50)) exposure on haematological and biochemical parameters of the Indian major carp, Catla catla fingerlings. Under exposure, the total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count, haemoglobin content and haematocrit were decreased. All the studied serum parameters viz. total serum protein, albumin, globulin contents and albumin-globulin ratio were significantly decreased in cypermethrin-exposed fishes. A marked increase was recorded in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in liver, whereas lactate dehydrogenase activity of muscle and acetylcholine esterase activity in brain were inhibited in cypermethrin-exposed fish. The membrane transport enzymes (total adenosine triphosphatase, sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase and magnesium adenosine triphosphatase) activities were decreased significantly in the gills of C. catla exposed to sub-lethal concentration of cypermethrin. The present study indicates that sub-lethal exposure of C. catla fingerlings to cypermethrin alters the haematological and biochemical parameters.
This study was performed to evaluate the effect of dietary chitosan on haematology, innate immunity and protection against Vibrio anguillarum in Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer. A basal diet supplemented with 0, 5, 10 and 20 g chitosan kg−1 diet was fed to the four different groups for 60 days. The haematological (total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count, total serum protein, albumin, globulin and albumin‐globulin ratio) and innate immune parameters (phagocytic ratio, respiratory burst, serum lysozyme and serum bactericidal activities) were monitored at fortnight interval to assess the effect of chitosan feeding in Asian seabass. All the studied haematological and innate immune parameters were increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in chitosan‐fed groups in comparison with control. However, the group fed diet containing 10 g chitosan Kg−1 feed showed highest haematological and innate immune parameters on 45th day in comparison with other groups. Moreover, the fish fed the diet containing 10 g chitosan Kg−1 feed had significantly higher post‐challenge survival (75.56 ± 4.44%) on the 30th day following V. anguillarum challenge. Therefore, this study suggests that chitosan at 10 g kg−1 diet could be used as prophylactic in Asian seabass culture to enhance the protection against any possible infection by V. anguillarum.
Effect of dietary supplementation of a Gram-positive, aerobic, probiotic bacterium Bacillus subtilis on the immunohaematological indices during pre-and post-challenge in Indian major carp, catla (Catla catla), was studied. The B. subtilis was administered orally at four different doses 1.0 9 10 6 (T 1 ), 1.0 9 10 7 (T 2 ), 1.0 9 10 8 (T 3 ), and 1.0 9 10 9 (T 4 ) cfu g -1 feed to C. catla for 90 days. The positive control (C p ) and negative control (C n ) were fed with feed without B. subtilis for the same period. On the 60th day, blood and serum were sampled to determine various haematological and serum parameters. Fish were challenged intraperitoneally with Aeromonas hydrophila after 60 days in all the treatment groups and C p , while the C n was challenged with phosphatebuffered saline (PBS, pH 7.2) only. Dietary supplementation of B. subtilis leads to the rise of various immunological and haematological parameters in catla during the pre-and postchallenge. During pre-challenge, the highest TEC (1.30 ± 0.02 9 10 6 cells mm -3 ), haemoglobin (7.43 ± 0.25 g %), total serum protein (3.89 ± 0.08 g dL -1 ), and serum lysozyme activity (8.39 ± 0.01 lg ml -1 ) were recorded in fishes fed feed containing B. subtilis at 1 9 10 9 cfu/g feed (T 4 ). The highest survival percentage (86.33 %) was also observed in T 4 group. The significantly increased survival percentage (P \ 0.05) of B. subtilis-treated groups in comparison with control group (C p ) suggests that dietary supplementation of this probiotic bacterium can protect catla from A. hydrophila infection by enhancing innate immunity.
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