We describe here two new species: Magnolia chiguila and M. mashpi and a new subsection, Magnolia subsect. Chocotalauma, sect. Talauma (Magnoliaceae). Magnolia chiguila is morphologically similar to M. calimaensis, but differs from the latter in having larger and broadly elliptic leaves with larger number of lateral veins and larger flowers with more numerous stamens and carpels. Magnolia mashpi is morphologically similar to M. striatifolia, but differs from the latter in having wider and broadly elliptic to obovate leaves with strongly arched lateral veins that are bullate and abaxially pubescent, more numerous stamens, carpels with a prominent apicule, longer sepals, larger outer and inner petals and glabrous peduncular internodes. The new species are found in the Pacific lowlands of western Ecuador, and all species of the new subsection are restricted to the Chocó biogeographic region of western Colombia and Ecuador. A key to the species of Magnolia subsects. Chocotalauma and Dugandiodendron is provided.
Magnolia mercedesiarum, a new species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern Ecuador, is described and illustrated, and a key to Ecuadorian Magnolia (subsect. Talauma) is provided. This species differs from M. vargasiana in having broadly elliptic leaves that have an obtuse base vs. suborbicular and subcordate to cordate, glabrous stipular scars, more numerous lateral veins per side and fewer stamens. It also differs from M. llanganatensis in having leaf blades broadly elliptic vs. elliptic, longer petioles, less numerous lateral leaf veins per side, larger fruits and more numerous petals and carpels. Using MaxEnt species distribution models and IUCN threat criteria, M. mercedesiarum has a potential distribution area of less than 3307 km² and is assessed as Endangered (EN): B1 ab (i, ii, iii). The relevance of systematic vegetation sampling in the discovery of rare species is highlighted.
ResumenMagnolia mercedesiarum es descrita e ilustrada como especie nueva nueva de la vertiente oriental de los Andes en el norte de Ecuador. Se incluye una clave para las especies ecuatorianas de Magnolia. Esta especie se diferencia de M. vargasiana por tener hojas elípticas a ampliamente elípticas de base obtusa vs. suborbiculares (rara vez anchamente elípticas) de base subcordada a cordada, cicatriz de estipular glabra, mayor número de nervios laterales por lado de la hoja y menor número de estambres. Esta especie se diferencia de Magnolia llanganatensis por tener láminas foliares ampliamente elípticas vs. elíp-ticas a angóstamente elípticas, pecíolos más largos, menos venas foliares por lado; frutos más grandes y pétalos y carpelos más numerosos. Mediante el uso de los modelos de distribución de especies MaxEnt y los criterios de amenaza de la IUCN, M. mercedesiarum tuvo una área de distribución potencial menor de 3307 km² y fue diagnosticada como En Peligro (EN): B1 ab (i, ii, iii). Se resalta la relevancia de levantamientos sistemáticos de vegetación en el descubrimiento de especies raras.
Peruvian species of Magnolia were not included in major treatments of the Peruvian flora until the last decade, following revisions of Dugandiodendron and Talauma for the Neotropics published by Lozano-Contreras in 1994 (Pennington et al. 2004, Ulloa et al. 2004) when M. amazonica (Ducke, 1925: 11) Govaerts (1996: 25) and M. rimachii, (Lozano, 1994: 105) Govaerts (1996: 39), two lowland Amazonian species, were included. Subsequently, new species of Magnolia were described from the eastern humid montane and lowland forests in northern and central Peru (Dillon & Sanchez 2009, Vázquez-García et al. 2012). The new species reported here is described for the humid forests of the eastern Andean slopes of central Peru. Following the classification proposed by Figlar & Nooteboom (2004), this species belong to genus Magnolia subgenus Magnolia section Talauma subsection Talauma because of stipule adnation to petioles, circumscissile dehiscence of fruits and absence of a filamentous appendage in the stamen connective.
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