The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.

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Resumo -Acianthera tricarinata e Cyclopogon variegatus, recentemente coletadas na Bahia, nos municípios de Barra do Choça e Vitória da Conquista, respectivamente, são aqui registradas pela primeira vez para o Nordeste do Brasil. Palavras-chave: Bahia, Barra do Choça, orquídeas, Vitória da Conquista.Abstract (New records of Orchidaceae from the Northeast of Brazil: Acianthera tricarinata and Cyclopogon variegatus) -Acianthera tricarinata and Cyclopogon variegatus were recently collected in Bahia State, in the municipalities of Barra do Choça and Vitória da Conquista, respectively, extending their distribution to Northeast Brazil.

We describe, discuss, and illustrate Dichorisandra rhizantha, a new species from a transitional area between the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga domains in eastern Bahia state, Brazil. The species was assessed as Endangered, especially for its distribution restricted to forest fragments. The new species is morphologically similar to D. hirtella, D. radicalis and D. jardimii, but clearly differs from these by the inflorescence arising directly from the rhizome, and a pubescent indument on stem, leaves and sepals. We also present a distribution map of the species and taxonomic comments.

Muito do conteúdo dos livros didáticos no Brasil tem relação com o período histórico vivido. Com o avanço no campo das pesquisas científicas, os livros-texto tornaram-se peças-chave na transferência/adaptação deste conhecimento para os níveis básicos da Educação, influenciando positiva ou negativamente na abordagem e apresentação dos conteúdos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar comparativamente como o conteúdo de Botânica Geral de Angiospermas é abordado em três livros didáticos de Biologia do Ensino Médio (1974, 1999 e 2011). O livro de 1974 traz longos textos que contemplam uma abordagem bem elaborada, ainda assim, há uma tendência à simplificação do conteúdo. O livro de 1999 apresenta os conteúdos na forma de conceitos diretos e pontuais divididos em capítulos distintos. Nesta obra, a forma reduzida do conteúdo compromete a discussão, abrindo mão de temas que enriqueceriam o estudo. A obra de 2011 separa o conteúdo em capítulos diferentes e mantém a redução do mesmo, porém, sem perder a qualidade e clareza nas suas informações. Ao longo dos anos, a partir da melhor compreensão dos objetivos dos livros didáticos e da pesquisa científica envolvendo estes documentos, percebe-se que o livro mais atual é mais atrativo e menos denso, contribuindo para desconstruir a ideia de uma Botânica entediante e decorativa.

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