Wild rodents, such as the lowland paca (Cuniculus paca), capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris), guinea pig (Cavia aperea), and black-rumped agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) are intensely hunted throughout Amazonia and at the semiarid regions of northeastern Brazil. To contribute to the preservation of these species, more information about their anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology is needed. The aim of this study was to standardize the vertebral heart scale (VHS) and cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) in clinically normal black-rumped agouti, as well as to compare the results of these two methods, which are commonly used to evaluate the cardiac silhouette in domestic animals. Twelve healthy black-rumped agoutis, divided into two groups (six males and six females), obtained from the Nucleus for Wild Animal Studies and Conservation at the Federal University of Piauí, were radiographed in right and left lateral and dorsoventral projections. The values of the VHS were 8.00±0.31v (the number of thoracic vertebral length spanned by each dimension, starting at T4) for males and 8.11±0.41v for females, and there was no statistical difference between the decubitus (right and left) or between males and females (P>0.05). The CTR mean values obtained were 0.51±0.03 for males, and 0.52±0.02 for females, and there was no statistical difference between the genders (P>0.05). However, there was positive correlation between VHS and CTR (r=0.77 right decubitus and r=0.82 left decubitus). The thoracic and heart diameter had mean values of 6.72±0.61 and 3.48±0.30 cm (males), and for the females, it was 6.61±0.51 and 3.5±0.30 cm, respectively, and there was statistical difference between the genders. The results demonstrated high correlation between the VHS and CTR producing similar results, indicating similar clinical precision for assessing the size of the cardiac silhouette in the black-rumped agoutis.

The black-rumped agouti ( Dasyprocta prymnolopha , Wagler 1831) is currently under intense ecologic pressure, which has resulted in its disappearance from some regions of Brazil. Echocardiography is widely used in veterinary medicine but it is not yet part of the clinical routine for wild animals. The objective of the present study was to assess the applicability of the echocardiographic exam in nonanesthetized agouti and to establish normal reference values for echocardiographic measurements in bidimensional mode (2D), M-mode, and Doppler for this species, and a lead II electrocardiogram was simultaneously recorded. Twenty agouti were used in this study. All the echocardiographic measurements were positively correlated with weight (P < 0.05), and there were no significant differences between sexes (P > 0.05). Blood flow velocities in the pulmonary and aortic artery ranged from 67.32-71.28 cm/sec and 79.22-101.84 cm/sec, respectively. The isovolumic relaxation time was assessed in all the animals and ranged from 38.5 to 56.6 ms. The maximum value for the nonfused E and A waves and the Et and At waves was 158 beats/min for both. The results obtained for the morphologic and heart hemodynamic measurements can guide future studies and help in the clinical management of these animals in captivity.

RESUMO.-[Índice cardiotorácico e vertebral heart size (VHS) para a padronização do tamanho cardíaco do macaco-prego (Cebus apella Linnaeus, 1758) em imagens radiográficas computadorizadas.] Para a avaliação do VHS e ICT foram utilizadas radiografias toráci-cas computadorizadas de 10 macacos-prego (05 machos e 05 fêmeas) clinicamente saudáveis, oriundos do Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres de São Luís-MA-CETAS. Foram tomadas radiografias em projeções laterolaterais e dorsoventrais, para cálculo do Vertebral Heart Scale (VHS) e Índice Cardiotorácico (ICT). O VHS evidenciou valores médios de 9,34±0,32v (machos) e 9,16±0,34v (fê-meas), não ocorrendo diferença estatística entre machos e fêmeas (p>0,05). O ICT evidenciou valores médios de 0,55±0,04 (machos) e de 0,52±0,03 (fêmeas), não sendo verificada diferença estatística entre sexos (p>0,05). Verificou-se correlação positiva entre VHS e ICT (r=0,78). Os diâmetros torácico e cardíaco demonstraram valores médios de 5,70±0,48cm e 3,16±0,40cm nos machos, The VHS and CTR were assessed using computerized thoracic radiographs of ten clinically healthy tufted capuchin monkeys (five males and five females) from the Wild Animal Screening Center in São Luís (Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres de São Luís-MA--CETAS). Radiographs were taken in laterolateral and dorsoventral projections to calculate the cardiothoracic ratio (VHS) and vertebral heart size (CTR). The VHS showed mean values of 9.34±0.32v (males) and 9.16±0.34v (females) and there was no statistical difference between males and females (p>0.05). The CTR showed mean values of 0.55±0.04 (males) and 0.52±0.03 (females) and there was no statistical difference between the sexes (p>0.05). There was positive correlation between VHS and CTR (r=0.78). The thoracic and heart diameters showed mean values of 5.70±0.48cm and 2.16±0.40cm in the males, respectively. In the females they measured 5.32±0.39cm and 2.94±0.32cm. There was no statistical difference between the sexes. Our results show that the high correlation found between VHS and CTR permitted the verification with similar clinical precision between the two methods to estimate alterations in the heart silhouette by radiographic examination of tufted capuchin, making it an easy technique to apply that can be considered in the investigation of heart problems for this wild species.

A Pandemia de COVID-19 ocasionou diversos impactos ao redor do mundo e em março de 2020, devido a velocidade que o vírus se espalhou pelos continentes, para tentar conter o avanço foi criada a política de distanciamento social, responsável pela interrupção de inúmeras atividades, incluindo aulas presenciais. Assim, ampliou-se a busca por meios de ensino remoto, a fim de amenizar os prejuízos causados na educação. O estudo tem como objetivo geral analisar os entraves na utilização do ensino remoto para os acadêmicos de enfermagem durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica do tipo revisão integrativa da literatura. Sete artigos foram incluídos nesta revisão, a maior parte apresentou abordagem qualitativa dos dados (71,4%). A base de dados CINAHL forneceu o maior número de estudos (71,4%). Todos os artigos concentraram-se no ano de 2021 e estavam na língua inglesa (100%); em que os Estados Unidos e Nepal foram os países com o maior número de publicações, com 28,6% cada. O periódico Nurse Education Today forneceu o maior número de evidências (28,6%). Com relação ao delineamento de pesquisa todos os estudos eram transversais (100%), onde todos representavam nível de evidência seis.  A pandemia afetou a forma como o conhecimento é repassado, e dificultou a realização de aulas práticas para os alunos onde, o ensino remoto se tornou a alternativa mais segura e eficaz, utilizando diversas plataformas online, como Zoom, Google Meet e Teams.

Dengue is an acute febrile illness of viral and reemerging origin that today stands out as one of the main public health problems in the world. Within this context, this study aims to describe the epidemiological profile of dengue in the state of Maranhão, between the years 2008 to 2012. It is a descriptive, retrospective study with quantitative design. The same was done according to the profile of individuals with a positive diagnosis for dengue, in the period from 2008 to 2012 in the state of Maranhão. Data were obtained from the website of the Notifiable Diseases System (SINAN). For the descriptive statistical analysis of the data, the SPSS 20.0 program was used. The data were arranged in tables for a better understanding of them. Within the studied period, it was observed that the majority of cases occurred in urban centers, corresponding to 34.42% of the total; 33.79% of the cases predominated in the age group of 20-39 years, configuring it as the age group with the highest prevalence of the disease; the main classification was hemorrhagic dengue, totaling 2% of cases; most of the people affected had low education, 14.87% of the people analyzed did not have complete elementary school; the most affected breed was brown, corresponding to 65.73% of the total; most cases (77.78%) evolved to cure; 53% of the people affected by the disease were female.

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Viral hepatitis are infectious diseases that are characterized by presenting inflammatory reactions in the liver, which may be of acute or chronic evolution. They are caused by hepatotropic viruses, designated by letters of the alphabet and, due to their high prevalence and potential complications, constitute a major public health problem. This research aimed to analyze the prevalence of hepatitis “b” and “c” in blood donors from the state of Piauí, through an epidemiological study of patients who applied for blood donation at the Piauí Hemocenter (HEMOPI) January 2008 to December 2010. We obtained the following results. In 2008 0.33% of donors were infected with HBV and 0.41% with HCV, in 2009 0.24% were infected with HBV and 0.19% with HCV. , and in 2010 0.14% for HBV and 0.16% for HCV. This research conducted with data obtained from the Piauí Hemocenter demonstrates a low prevalence of Hepatitis B and C of donor candidates, compared to several studies conducted in Hemonuclei from other Brazilian states.

An electrocardiogram is a test that assesses heart electrical activity and is applied more frequently in the veterinary care of wild animals. The present study aimed to define the electrocardiogram pattern of agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha Wagler, 1831) anesthetized with ketamine and midazolam. Eighteen clinically healthy agoutis (D. prymnolopha) were used from the Nucleus for Wild Animal Studies and Conservation (NEPAS) of the Federal University of Piauí, Brazil. The animals were chemically restrained with 5% ketamine hydrochloride at a dose of 15mg/kg and midazolam at a dose of 1mg/kg by intramuscular injection. Electrocardiogram tests were carried out by a computerized method with the veterinary electrocardiogram [Acquisition Model for Computer (ECG - PC version Windows 95) Brazilian Electronic Technology (TEB) consisting of an electronic circuit externally connected to a notebook computer with ECGPC-VET (TEB) software installed on the hard disc. In analysing the EKG results, significant differences were observed for QRS complex duration, PR and QT intervals and for R wave millivoltage between the genders; but we observed a significant influence of weight despite the gender. In the present experiment, the anaesthetic protocol was shown to be well tolerated by the agoutis, and no arrhythmias occurred during the time the animals were monitored. The reference values obtained should be used to better understand the cardiac electrophysiology of the species and for its clinical and surgical management.