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Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), popularly known as kala-azar, dundun fever or tropical splenomegaly, is a zoonosis that affects humans and other domestic and wild animal species. The present work aims to carry out an epidemiological analysis from 2008 to 2017 of visceral leishmaniasis in the city of São Luís–MA. A retrospective, descriptive and quantitative study was carried out on the confirmed cases of visceral leishmaniasis reported in the municipality of São Luís, capital of Maranhão state, between 2008 and 2017. All information was collected during March 2019. using as source the Information System for Notification of Disorders (SINAN), database provided by the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). The Reporting Disease Information System (SINAN) recorded 37,639 cases of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil between 2008 and 2017. About half of this amount corresponds to the northeast region, which had 19,841 (52.71%) confirmed cases during this period. We can see that most of the confirmed cases of visceral leishmaniasis in the city of São Luís between 2008 and 2017 show that it was male with 1,094 (64.28%), especially individuals of race / brown color, and children with between 01 and 04 years old, with incomplete elementary school education from 1st to 4th grade. After concluding that most people are infected in the urban area, there is a need for a broader health system so that patients do not approach treatment because it is critical that therapy be performed until the final healing process.

Dengue is an acute febrile illness of viral and reemerging origin that today stands out as one of the main public health problems in the world. Within this context, this study aims to describe the epidemiological profile of dengue in the state of Maranhão, between the years 2008 to 2012. It is a descriptive, retrospective study with quantitative design. The same was done according to the profile of individuals with a positive diagnosis for dengue, in the period from 2008 to 2012 in the state of Maranhão. Data were obtained from the website of the Notifiable Diseases System (SINAN). For the descriptive statistical analysis of the data, the SPSS 20.0 program was used. The data were arranged in tables for a better understanding of them. Within the studied period, it was observed that the majority of cases occurred in urban centers, corresponding to 34.42% of the total; 33.79% of the cases predominated in the age group of 20-39 years, configuring it as the age group with the highest prevalence of the disease; the main classification was hemorrhagic dengue, totaling 2% of cases; most of the people affected had low education, 14.87% of the people analyzed did not have complete elementary school; the most affected breed was brown, corresponding to 65.73% of the total; most cases (77.78%) evolved to cure; 53% of the people affected by the disease were female.

Among the group of excluded individuals in Brazilian society, the most marginalized are still blacks. In this group, rural blacks are the most alienated from the new processes of social construction. The present study aimed to analyze health and socioeconomic aspects in quilombola communities in the state of Piauí. The research presents socioeconomic and health aspects in 15 communities in the State of Piauí. It is an exploratory, cross-sectional study of qualitative and quantitative nature, where the target population was 1,239 members in 15 quilombola communities identified in the State of Piauí. The average age was 30.1 years, with the age range between 0 and 89 years. Females were 55%, males 45% of the population. Illiterate were 20%, while 47.6% had not completed elementary school. Income of up to two minimum wages was 88.6%. Students 27.9% and rural worker 39.5% were the majority of the population. Of the houses, 74.1% had little or no sanitary condition. The use of medicinal plants occurred in 32.5%. The non-use of pesticides was reported by 96.8% of farmers. Inbreeding marriages were detected in 18.0% of the studied families. The research indicates the need for public policies focused on the characteristics and needs of these populations.

A Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) é uma zoonose de evolução crônica, causada por um protozoário da espécie Leishmaniachagasi, com acometimento sistêmico e, se não tratada, pode levar a óbito até 90% dos casos.O Estado do Maranhão, desde o ano de 1982, aparece como um dos protagonistas no que diz respeito à número de casos desta infecção, no Brasil. Este trabalho teve como objetivo delinear o perfil epidemiológico dos casos de Leishmaniose Visceral, notificados no Maranhão, retrospectivamente, do ano de 2007 até 2017. Realizou-se um estudo de natureza exploratória e descritiva a partir do banco de dados disponível no Núcleo de Informação e Análise em Saúde do SUS (DATASUS), através do Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Foram analisados um total de 6.112 casos notificados, através da exposição de variáveis quantitativas. Onde percebeu-se que, por pertencer ao grupo de doenças consideradas negligenciadas, a LV pode acarretar impactos negativos na saúde pública, principalmente em áreas endêmicas. Necessitando, assim, de estudos que estimulem e norteiem ações em saúde, em benefício à sociedade.

Medicines are of paramount importance in the treatment of diseases, however, their indiscriminate use can cause health risks, mainly through the practice of self-medication. This study aimed to analyze the clinical and epidemiological profile of individuals with intoxications resulting from the practice of self-medication in Brazil. This is an ecological, descriptive, quantitative, population-based study, using secondary data, in which an epidemiological survey was carried out of cases of diseases and conditions due to exogenous intoxication reported in Brazil, in the period from 2010 to 2017, obtained in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). Assessing aspects related to notification by toxic agent, 1st symptom and evolution, circumstance, region of notification, Federative Unit and toxic agent-drug. The data were tabulated using the Tabnet program, which were then exported and analyzed in the Microsoft Office Excel 2019 program. Based on the results, it was observed that 565,271 cases were reported by toxic agents in the period 2010-2017 in Brazil. Of these, it was found that the drug was the most frequent toxic agent, corresponding to 298,976 (52.8%) of the total cases. The predominant circumstance of the use of the toxic agent-drug occurred was accidental, 42,968 (36.3%) cases. Regarding evolution, healing without damage stands out for representing the majority of cases 249.372 (84.9%). It is noted the proportional growth of notification by toxic agent per year and the region of Brazil with the highest prevalence was the Southeast (51%) and the Federative Unit was São Paulo. Thus, the results indicate that there was an increase in the frequency of notifications, resulting from the irrational and indiscriminate use of medicines in the country.

This study is a research model with exploratory, epidemiological and descriptive analysis with cross-sectional, quantitative and retrospective approach, through searching the secondary database, regarding the prevalence of cervical cancer in the state of Maranhão among the 2008 to 2017. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the epidemiological profile, the analysis of the most common age range of the onset of pathological manifestations, as well as to determine the occurrence of morbidity and mortality in individuals with cervical cancer. Regarding results, the data show that it was possible to identify a significant trend of deaths from malignant cervical cancer in the state of Maranhão, in women under 60 years of race / brown color, especially in 2017. Among deaths, it was observed the highest proportion of deaths occurred in hospitals, about 2143 cases. Followed by deaths at home, totaling 881 occurrences. It is noted that the epidemiological profile of cervical cancer occurs at high rates. Therefore, there is a need to improve public health completely, with emphasis on women's health programs, as well as making them aware of seeking access to services of health.