The various traditional systems such as Unani, Ayurveda and Siddha use several plant species to treat different ailments. The Unani (Greco-Arab) system of medicine has been practiced since ancient times for the treatment of range of diseases. Traditional medicine usually takes a “holistic” approach where the physical, spiritual (which includes mental), and most often social well-being of an individual are treated. Thus, the medicinal value of an herbal product may be intimately related to its nutritional and psychological aspects. It is estimated that between 70% and 95% of citizens in a majority of developing countries use traditional medicine for the management of health and as primary health care to address their health-care needs and concerns. Medicinal plants play an important role in the development of potent therapeutic agents. Zanjabeel (Zingiber officinale) is a very famous herbal drug which is widely used in world as spice as well as drug in traditional medicine. This article aims at reviewing the Zanjabeel on the basis of description in Unani system of medicine, its Pharmacological actions and therapeutic uses and to discuss scientific studies. Keywords: Zanjabeel, Unani, Pharmacological actions, therapeutic uses.

Background: Infection caused by hepatitis C virus is common and important issue of public health in Pakistan. The risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hepatitis C virus has common association. Objectives: To find out the frequency of hepatitis C virus in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients and to assess the association between Type 2 Diabetes mellitus and hepatitis C virus. Methodology: This was descriptive study piloted at the Department of Medicine Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar for duration of one year. Totally, 157 type 2 diabetic patients were included. All information’s were documented on a prescribed Performa. Results: Out of 157 confirmed diabetic patients, 50 (31.85%) were seropositive for anti HCV antibodies while 107(68.15%) were negative. There were 48% males and 52% female in the entire study. Patient’s age ranged from 31 to 73years. The seroprevalence of HCV in female was 29(58%) while in male it was 21(42%). Conclusion: Our study concludes that HCV infection is highly prevalent in patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Chronic Hepatitis C, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Diabetes mellitus.

Surʻat-e-Inzāl (Premature Ejaculation) is the most prevalent male sexual dysfunction affecting 25 - 40% global population of men. It is a universal disorder and is independent of age, social or marital status. It has a significant impact on both- patients and their partners, causing distress, anxiety and relationship difficulties affecting the quality of life. Several aetiologies have been proposed by various researchers which are not evidence-based but speculative. Accordingly the International Society for Sexual Medicine (ISSM) issued treatment guidelines for Premature Ejaculation (PE) recommending Serotonergic Antidepressants (SSRIs) and Local Anaesthetics (LA) for its management in modern medicine. However, these treatments were not actually developed for PE, and have limitations associated with their off-label use. Furthermore, nearly all the recommended drugs have a wider spectrum of adverse effects and serious drug interactions which sometimes could be fatal. On the other hand, centuries old Unani medicine offers a complete line of treatment for Surʻat-e-Inzāl based on traditional knowledge and experience. Unani physicians devised a large number of poly-herbal recipes which are still in vogue.  Majoon-e-Piyaz (MP) is one of the compound Unani formulations which are in use for the treatment of premature ejaculation since centuries. This article is an attempt to summarize scientific investigations in support of the claim made by Unani physicians regarding Majoon-e-Piyaz (MP).  Keywords: Surʻat-e-Inzāl, Premature Ejaculation, Majoon-e-Piyaz, Unani Medicine

Unani System of medicine is one among the oldest systems of medicine that prevails till date with its efficient drugs derived from animal, plant and mineral resources. Over 2400 years ago the father of medicine, Hippocrates practiced it, however His medicine included a great deal of ancient Egyptian Medicine as well as important components of the ancient Mesopotamian traditions. This system of medicine has a detailed description of drugs that are utilized in many infectious diseases like influenza, pneumonia and other respiratory disorders. Unani scholars have prescribed several single drugs as well as compound formulations for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in general. Tiryaq e Arba is one such formulation, which is known to improve host immunity anytime or during the outbreak of epidemics, endemics and pandemics. Through this paper, an attempt has been made to present Unani concept of infectious and epidemic diseases and details of Tiryaq e Arba with a possible approach to manage Covid-19. Keywords: Tiryaq e Arba, ingredients, epidemics, Unani Medicine.