The purpose of writing this article is to identify, study, map research related to CSR in reducing agency conflict. This article begins with the presentation of the concepts of Good Corporate Governance (GCG), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), CSR in GCG, and agency conflict. Identification is made by collecting articles in the field of financial management that are related to CSR, agency conflict, and corporate value. Furthermore, an assessment of these studies is carried out to determine the results of each article. Articles are grouped into two articles that support the existence of agency conflict in CSR and group that do not have agency conflict.The method of review of CSR and agency conflict is carried out using previous studies. The identification, assessment and mapping of prior studies are not limited to new studies (less than ten years) but also reviews of more than 20 years. Based on the results of previous research, mapping can be synthesized the influence of CSR in reducing agency conflict.The Implementation of CSR related to agency conflict in the field of financial management is still being debated. Based on empirical evidence, the results are still inconsistent. CSR activities that synergize financial performance, the environment, and society can reduce the use of cash flow that benefits managers so that it will increase the value of the company. On the other hand, empirical evidence that does not support CSR considers that managers use CSR for personal gain.Keywords: GCG, CSR, Agency Conflict
AbstrakPemberian asuhan keperawatan pada pasien post-operative mempunyai komponen penting, yaitu manajemen nyeri. Pasien post-operative dapat munculn nyeri yang disebabkan oleh trauma pada tubuh akibat sayatan benda tajam alat-alat operasi. Kompleksitas nyeri memerlukan penanganan agar penatalaksanaan nyeri dapat diatasi secara komprehensif. Salah satu metode yang dapat dilakukan dalam manajemen nyeri dengan menggabungkan kemajuan teknologi, yaitu dengan penggunaan teknologi virtual reality. Adapun penggunaan teknologi ini agar dapat diaplikasikan saat praktik klinis dalam penanganan nyeri post-operative. Tujuan penelitian ini, yaitu mengeksplorasi efek penggunaan virtual reality dalam penurunan nyeri pada pasien post-operative dari berbagai sumber. Metode yang digunakan dalam proses pencarian kajian literatur review ini, yaitu simplified approach. Database yang digunakan pada pencarian literatur berupa ScienceDirect, ClinicalKey, ClinicalKey Nursing, Sage Journals, Scopus, Google Scholar. Kriteria inklusinya adalah yang melibatkan pasien dewasa post-operative, membahas penurunan nyeri berbasis virtual reality, studi menggunakan uji coba percontohan crossover acak, eksperimental terkontrol acak, randomized controlled trial, praeksperimen one group pre test-post test, quasi experimental non equivalent control group pre test-post test, teks berbahasa Inggris, teks berbahasa Indonesia, tahun penerbitan lima tahun terakhir dari tahun 2017 sampai 2022, topik artikel terkait penggunaan virtual reality menurunkan nyeri post-operative, full text, berbahasa Inggris, berbahasa Indonesia, tahun penerbitan lima tahun terakhir dari tahun 2017 sampai 2022. Kriteria eksklusinya adalah topik artikel terkait topik artikel dengan jenis literature review, hanya berupa abstrak, dan artikel yang merupakan duplikasi. Dalam proses pencarian, peneliti menggunakan beberapa kata kunci yaitu “virtual reality”, “post-operative”, “pain”, “post surgery”, “aching”, and “discomfort”. Saat penelurusan ditemukan tujuh artikel dengan hasil bahwa manajemen nyeri pada pasien post-operative dapat dilakukan dengan penggunaan teknologi virtual reality. Perangkat virtual reality dapat membantu dalam proses penanganan untuk menurunkan nyeri pada pasien post-operative. Perangkat tersebut sudah terintegrasi dengan program software yang telah disesuaikan dengan teknologi dalam menurunkan nyeri pada pasien post-operative. Diharapkan perlu kerja sama dengan pihak rumah sakit agar aplikasi virtual reality ini dapat diaplikasikan secara optimal untuk pasien yang mengalami nyeri post-operative.Kata kunci: Nyeri, post-operative, virtual realityReducing Pain with Education Using Virtual Reality Technology in Postoperative Patients : Literatur Review AbstractProviding nursing care to post-operative patients has an important component, namely pain management. Post-operative patients can experience the appearance of pain caused by trauma to the body due to sharp incisions of surgical tools. The complexity of pain requires treatment so that pain management can be handled comprehensively. One method that can be used in pain management by combining technological advances is the use of virtual reality technology. The use of this technology so that it can be applied during clinical practice in the management of post-operative pain. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of using virtual reality in reducing pain in post-operative patients from various sources. The method used in the search process for this review of the literature is the simplified approach. The databases used in the literature search are ScienceDirect, ClinicalKey, ClinicalKey Nursing, Sage Journals, Scopus, Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria were those involving post-operative adult patients, discussing virtual reality-based pain reduction, studies using randomized crossover pilot trials, randomized controlled trials, randomized controlled trials, pre-experimental one group pre-test-post test, quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group pre test-post test, English text, Indonesian text, year of publication for the last five years from 2017 to 2022, article topics related to the use of virtual reality to reduce post-operative pain, full text, English, Indonesian, year of publication five years the latest from 2017 to 2022. The exclusion criteria are the topic of the article related to the topic of the article with the type of literature review, only in the form of abstracts, and articles that are duplicates. In the search process, researchers used several keywords, namely "virtual reality", "post-operative", "pain", "post surgery", "aching", and "discomfort". During the search, seven articles were found with the result that pain management in post-operative patients can be carried out using virtual reality technology. Virtual reality devices can assist in the treatment process to reduce pain in post-operative patients. The device has been integrated with a software program that has been adapted to technology in reducing pain in post-operative patients. It is hoped that there will be collaboration with the hospital so that this virtual reality application can be applied optimally for patients experiencing post-operative pain.Keywords: Painful, post operation, virtual reality
The purpose of this research was to investigate the overreaction anomaly in stocks listed on the IDX30 and LQ45 amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020. An overreaction anomaly or price reversal occurs when looser stocks outperform winner stocks, which can be seen from the ACAR value of each stock. The samples used in this study are companies listed on the IDX30 and LQ45 period February-July 2020 and the period August-January 2021. This is a comparative study, hence using a qualitative approach, while the method study is the event study. The measurement used to estimate the market reaction to the published information is the abnormal return of each stock. The results showed that there was an overreaction anomaly in some test periods which was indicated by the ACAR value of looser stock that could outperform the ACAR value of winner stock. The results of the independent sample t-test statistical test showed that the ACAR value of winner stock had a significant difference from the ACAR value of loser stock. The implications of the research are investors should be aware toward risk potentially to macro economy shock and investors to assess rationally and wisely in making decisions even to blue chips stocks.
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