Jakarta, as the current state capital of Indonesia, plays an important role as the center of government and economy. However, due to several problems in Jakarta, the government has considered relocating the capital city to other regions. The President of Indonesia, Jokowi, has expressed his intention to move the capital city to Kalimantan Island. This relocation has raised concerns about defense policy. This research aims to identify the threats that may arise in the proposed new capital city, Nusantara Capital City (IKN), and to propose strategies to overcome them. The methods used in this research include a qualitative approach based on documented perceptions, assumptions, and judgments among Indonesia’s leaders and a quantitative approach to mapping the comparative postures of relevant defense figures. The results indicate that the highest threat in IKN comes from the air (combat, UAV, ICBM’s), while the low-level threat is the location of IKN, which is near the borders, and FIR coincides with the IASL. The critical aspect of defending IKN would be to strengthen national defense diplomacy in the region. In conclusion, this research provides insight into the potential threats to the proposed new capital city and suggests strategies to mitigate them.
Batu City in East Java has a thriving tourist area, which is not exempt from disaster susceptibility and economic vulnerability. These weaknesses have led to the strengthening of the disaster resilience system becoming a priority in terms of the Batu government’s disaster risk reduction. The main objective of this study is to improve disaster risk management through the reinforcement of the disaster risk reduction instrument, which can improve the alertness and the mitigation capability of DRR. This research analyzed the susceptibility levels of five disasters—flood, landslide, drought, land fire, and COVID-19—using a quantitative method with panel data and a survey questionnaire. The influence variable was disaster susceptibility, which quantified economic vulnerability through ArcGIS and ILWIS analysis to generate the disaster susceptibility rate. Economic vulnerability was analyzed using static panel data in STATA/R, which generated the economic vulnerability index. The results of this research indicate that there are five villages in the high level of vulnerability category, three villages in the moderate level of vulnerability category, and another sixteen villages/urban villages in the low level of vulnerability category. Furthermore, static panel analysis found that local economic vulnerability in Batu is significantly influenced by three of the five disasters discussed in this research.
Geographically, Indonesia is located on three of the world's main tectonic plates and has 127 active volcanoes, making it highly vulnerable to natural disasters. In addition to natural disasters, Indonesia is also facing the Covid-19 disaster, which has greatly affected the tourism sector. Batu City is one of the leading tourism areas. Because Batu City is prone to disasters, this will certainly have an impact on the economy of the people of Batu City. Therefore, this study aims to analyze economic vulnerability due to disasters and the role of institutions in dealing with them. This research is a case study that uses a quantitative and qualitative approach, using the results of respondent interviews, ArcMap 10.3, ILWIS software, and MACTOR. The results obtained are that the disasters that have the most severe impact on the economic vulnerability of Batu City are droughts and earthquakes. In addition, other results also show that the role of institutions has not been good enough in creating institutional strategies in Batu City. Based on the modeling results using MACTOR, it is known that the disaster management efforts carried out by the tourism object and the Regional Apparatus Organization (OPD) agree and support the implementation of these efforts.
Based on the Surabaya Madura Regional Development Agency Master Plan 2010-2024, Madura Island has a strategic position as part of the Gerbangkertosusila Urban National Strategy. There is still, however, a development disparity between Madura Island and East Java. This can be seen from the economic performance of Madura Island which is quite low compared to other districts or cities in East Java Province. Madura Human Development Index (HDI) is below the East Java on average, and the percentage of poor people in Madura is the highest in East Java. Therefore, the development of Surabaya-Madura (Suramadu) must be integrated through regional development, such as development of connectivity systems. The research used descriptive analysis to assess the characteristics of a program and to adjust the characteristics with sustainable development theory that consists of three components, namely: environmental, economic, and social developments. These can ultimately be used to sharpen the development target to be achieved in the next 5 (five) years. Data were collected using secondary survey instruments through existing literature studies and policy reviews, such as National Medium-Term Development Plan 2020-2024 and Regional Medium-Term Development Plan of East Java Province.
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