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ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian – Resiko dan volatilitas adalah dua hal yang berkaitan terutama dalam penelitian mengenai pasar modal. Pergerakan saham maupun indeks yang dipengaruhi banyak faktor membuat volatilitas umum terjadi dan hal ini tentu mempengaruhi penilaian resiko. Penelitian ini mencoba melihat penggunaan model GARCH dalam menilai volatilitas di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Desain/Metodologi/Pendekatan – Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif. Kami mennganalisa volatilitas di Bursa Efek Indonesia melalui return dari Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG). Metode yang digunakan adalah model simetris GARCH dan asimetris TARCH dan EGARCH. Temuan – Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pasar modal Indonesia memiliki gejala volatility clustering.. Pasar modal Indonesia lebih sensitif terhadap berita negatif daripada positif. Model GARCH yang dapat dilakukan adalah GARCH (1,1), TARCH (1,1) dan EGARCH (1,1) dengan model EGARCH(1,1) memiliki hasil ramalan yang sedikit lebih baik dari kedua model lainnya. Keterbatasan penelitian – Penelitian ini hanya menyasar pada volatilitas IHSG dan penerapan model GARCH untuk analisa dan peramalan. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat mengkaitkan hasil analisa dengan situasi ekonomi nasional maupun global. Originality/value – Penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada analisa univariat dengan memanfaatkan model ekonometrik GARCH. Keywords : Volatilitas, Resiko, Pasar Modal, GARCH.

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The aim of this study is to find out the effect of financial inclusion on bank efficiency in Indonesia. Data from 26 banks for the period of 2011 to 2016 is used to measure bank efficiency using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). While the data from the World Bank is used to calculate the ratio of outstanding loans of small and medium enterprises to total outstanding loans in banks to measure financial inclusion index. Panel data regression is done to analyze the effect and the result shows that financial inclusion has a positive and significant effect on bank efficiency where an increase in financial inclusion could improve bank efficiency. The result implies that the government must present a conducive financial environment for the implementation of the SNKI program that can improve financial inclusion and bank efficiency.

This research uses the event study method to test the reaction of capital markets before and after the announcement of the Emergency Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM) policy. The observation period includes 7 days before and 7 days after the event. By using purposive sampling method, the research sample amounts to 29 stocks of the hotel, restaurant, and tourism companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The hypothesis is tested with Paired Samples T-Test for those with normal distribution and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test for those with no normal distribution. The results showed that there was a difference in average trading volume activity. While average abnormal return and average security return variability did not have significant differences around the announcement. This research implies that stock investors need to consider information about government policies or other non-economic events to appropriately sort out relevant information to sell or maintain stocks under the risks and returns expected by investors. Keywords: Abnormal Return, Trading Volume Activity, Security Return Variability, The Emergency PPKM Policy, Event Study