Twelve weeks of NLRT causes beneficial changes in the body composition, lipid profile, and inflammation markers in PLHIV, and it can be used in this patient population.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is endemic to Latin America, where 10 million people may be infected with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis/Paracoccidioides lutzii and 1,600,000 individuals live with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. An epidemiological overlapping of these infections occurred early in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome era with nearly 180 published cases. This study presents epidemiological, clinical, and outcome profiles for 31 PCM patients with HIV infection diagnosed in a teaching hospital in Brazil, and includes an update of previously reported cases. Medical records were reviewed and data compared with 64 PCM patients without HIV infection. Of the 31 PCM patients with HIV infection, 23 (74.1%) were male, with a median age of 36.7 years, whereas of the 64 PCM, 45 (70.3%) were male, with a median age of 35.1 years. Both groups presented similar proportions for smoking and alcoholism. PCM patients with HIV infection presented more fever, weight loss, and the acute clinical form than the PCM patients who had more mucosal and respiratory involvement characterizing the chronic form. Most PCM patients with HIV infection exhibited overlapping symptoms from both clinical forms with median symptom duration of 4.5 months compared with 8.3 months for the PCM control. Patients received sulfonamides and/or itraconazole for a median of 15.7 and 16.7 months for PCM/HIV-infected and PCM, respectively. Relapses occurred more in PCM (12 [30%]) than PCM/HIV-infected (4 [14.8%]) patients, whose mortality rate was higher (10 [32.8%]) than PCM patients (8 [20%]). The cases of PCM/HIV infection confirm that HIV can interact with some endemic diseases without increasing their frequency, while changing their natural history, clinical presentation, and outcome. The data presented here are in agreement with those observed in other studies.

Purpose To evaluate the effects of the combination of exercise training (ET) and statins in people living with human immunodeficiency virus. Methods This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eighty-three people living with human immunodeficiency virus were assigned to either placebo (PL), statins (STA), PL + ET (PLET) or STA + ET (STAET) groups. Volunteers assigned to STA and STAET groups were administered 10 mg of rosuvastatin, whereas the PL and PLET groups were administered a placebo. The PLET and STAET groups performed ET three times a week. Before and after the 12-wk follow-up, the volunteers underwent to anthropometric assessment and blood collection to evaluate lipid profile, cardiovascular markers, inflammatory profile; a Doppler ultrasound examination, muscle strength (MS) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CF) tests were performed. Results There was a decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, interleukin (IL)-1β and right carotid intima-media thickness in the STA, PLET, and STAET groups compared with PL group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels and in left and right carotid intima-media thickness and an increase in HDL-c levels in the STAET groups compared with the STA (P ≤ 0.001) and PLET groups (P ≤ 0.001). There was an increase in IL-10 levels, peak-systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, wall shear rate in the PLET and STAET groups compared with the PL (P ≤ 0.001) and STA groups (P ≤ 0.001). The PLET and STAET groups reduced body fat mass, body fat percentage and increased lean body mass, MS and CF compared with PL (P ≤ 0.001) and STA (P ≤ 0.001) groups. Conclusions The combination of ET and statins is useful to enhance lipid and inflammatory profiles, reduce cardiovascular disease markers, and improve Doppler ultrasound findings, MS and CF in people living with HIV.

Soares, VL, Soares, WF, Zanetti, HR, Neves, FF, Silva-Vergara, ML, and Mendes, EL. Daily undulating periodization is more effective than nonperiodized training on maximal strength, aerobic capacity, and TCD4+ cell count in people living with HIV. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1738–1748, 2022—The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of daily undulating periodization (DUP) and nonperiodized training (NPT) programs on maximal muscle strength, body composition, aerobic capacity, muscle power, and immune markers in people living with HIV (PLWHIV). A total of 41 PLWHIV were randomly assigned to control (CON [n = 15]), DUP (n = 13), and NPT (n = 13) groups. The DUP and NPT groups performed combined training 3 times a week on nonconsecutive days during 12 weeks, whereas the CON group was asked to maintain their current level of activity. After the 12-week training program, DUP produced greater gains in muscle strength (except for bench press), V̇o2peak, and muscle power than NPT (p < 0.05). Compared to CON, the training groups showed significantly (p < 0.05) increased muscle strength (DUP = 31.0 ± 13.9 kg; NPT = 17.7 ± 9.2 kg; CON = −0.3 ± 1.5 kg), fat-free mass (DUP = 1.9 ± 1.5 kg; NPT = 1.4 ± 1.9 kg; CON = −0.1 ± 1.2 kg), and metabolic equivalent (DUP = 2.3 ± 1.3; NPT = 1.8 ± 1.9), and decreased body fat mass (DUP = −2.1 ± 1.6 kg; NPT = −1.4 ± 1.5 kg; CON = 0.1 ± 0.2) and functional aerobic impairment (DUP = −35.9 ± 17.0%; NPT = −25.8 ± 22.0%; CON = 0.8 ± 3.0%). There was an increase in TCD4+ cells only in the DUP group (p < 0.05). The training effect generally provided a positive correlation between change in leg press strength (r = 0.393, p < 0.05), triceps pulley strength (r = 0.417, p < 0.05), lat pull-down strength (r = 0.459, p < 0.05), and muscle power (r = 0.324, p < 0.05) with changing CD4 + lymphocyte count. Daily undulating periodization protocol showed to be safe, applicable, and more efficient for increasing strength, aerobic capacity, and TCD4+ cells compared to NPT in PLWHIV.

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