Background: Lipomas are benign soft tissue mesenchymal neoplasms composed of adipose cells and are usually found in the subcutaneous tissue. Occasionally, lipomas may invade muscles or grow between them, in which case they are characterized as infiltrative lipomas. Clinical signs resulting from an intermuscular lipoma compressing peripheral nerves are rarely encountered in dogs. This case report aims to describe the neurological signs, diagnosis, and clinical evaluation of a dog diagnosed with infiltrative lipoma compressing a lumbar spinal nerve root. Case: A 12-year-old neutered male Fox Paulistinha, weighing 10.5 kg, was presented with difficulties in walking for the past 15 days with no previous history of trauma. On physical examination, the presence of three cutaneous nodules was noted in the ventral thoracic region, with onset of one year and slow and progressive growth. A cytological evaluation of the nodules was performed, and lipoma was diagnosed. At the neurological examination, the patient presented ambulatory paraparesis with marked motor deficit and atrophy of the quadriceps muscles of the left pelvic limb. Conscious proprioceptive deficit, the absence of patellar reflex, and diminished withdrawal reflex were observed in the left hind limb, in addition to diffuse pain on epaxial palpation of the lumbar region. Electroneuromyography showed increased insertion activity in the left gastrocnemius muscle and moderate spontaneous activity (fibrillation). Persistence of 10% was observed in the F-wave study of the left tibial nerve. These findings indicate partial involvement of the roots of the left sciatic-tibial nerve. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the presence of a mass measuring 3.18 × 1.04 × 1.4 cm, interspersed with the paravertebral muscles, and located adjacent to the L2 and L3 spinous processes. An ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of the mass was performed and the findings of the cytopathological analysis of the collected material were considered consistent with lipoma. In view of these findings, surgical removal was recommended. However, the owner chose to attempt conservative treatment to control pain. Thus, the patient was treated with gabapentin, tramadol hydrochloride, carprofen, dipyrone, omeprazole, and physiotherapy. The animal exhibited a good response to conservative treatment, regaining its hind limb mobility in approximately 30 days. Discussion: Infiltrative lipomas compressing nerve roots are rarely described, with only one report of infiltrative lipoma in the lumbar region causing nerve root compression in dogs found in the literature. MRI was beneficial in this case, since it helped in determine the shape, location, and extent of the mass causing compression of the left L2 nerve root. The history and neurological examination findings in the patient described in this report were accounted for by the presence of an infiltrative lipoma compressing the left nerve root of L2. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for intramuscular lipomas in most cases sin...

O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) trata-se de uma neoplasia de células redondas, transmitida a partir do transplante de células neoplásicas, altamente contagiosa, que afeta principalmente a genitália externa de caninos e também regiões extragenitais. A forma cutânea geralmente acomete a região de face e membros, secundária a um foco genital primário de forma simultânea. Relata-se um caso de TVT cutâneo sem envolvimento genital em um cão macho sem padrão de raça definida (SPRD), quatro anos de idade, semidomiciliado, com queixa principal de aparecimento de lesão única, de caráter nodular, friável, ulcerada com exsudação sanguinolenta na região cervical lateral. Foi realizada punção aspirativa com agulha fina para avaliação citológica, que demostrou predomínio de células redondas monomórficas, com vacuolização citoplasmática, citoplasma basofílico e escasso, além de núcleos ovais e centralizados, citologia esta compatível com TVT. Adotou-se o protocolo de tratamento quimioterápico com sulfato de vincristina 0,025 mg/kg a cada sete dias, com regressão completa do tumor apósseis semanas. O envolvimento do tecido cutâneo sem acometimento venéreo é raro, e diante disso o TVT pode ser incluído como diagnóstico diferencial de lesões nodulares ou tumorais isoladas.

Objetivou-se descrever o achado de agenesia uterina e ovariana em gata submetida a procedimento de mastectomia total e ovariosalpingohisterectomia para tratamento de hiperplasia fibroepitelial mamária felina. O presente trabalho descreveu o caso de um felino, fêmea, sem padrão de raça definido, sete meses de idade com histórico de aumento de volume mamário após administração de uma dose de contraceptivo acetato de medroxiprogesterona. De acordo com a anamnese e o exame físico foi estabelecido o diagnóstico de hiperplasia fibroepitelial felina. Para o tratamento foi instituído a mastectomia total e a ovariosalpingohisterectomia (OSH). Durante o ato operatório constatou-se a ausência do corno uterino e ovário direito. Esse tipo de malformação pode passar despercebido já que o animal pode não apresentar alterações clínicas e demonstrar comportamento éstrico normal, sendo na maioria das vezes um achado incidental e assume importância, principalmente, pela possiblidade da ocorrência de anomalias de órgãos distintos com a mesma origem embriológica.

Angular and rotational limb deformities are common orthopedic disorders in dogs. These deformities are more commonly seen in the radius and ulna of dogs. The leading cause is local trauma to the distal growth plates of these bones, resulting in interruption of ulnar growth with continued radius growth. Corrective osteotomies with adequate bone fixation are relatively complex but highly successful techniques in the treatment of angular and rotational deviations. This review highlights the importance of surgical planning using the angular rotation center (Cora) methodology in the treatment of angular deformities. Main techniques of corrective osteotomies are reviewed.

Article history Characterized by the rupture of the corneal epithelium, corneal ulcers threaten ocular integrity, with multifactorial development, such as decreased protection and excessive abrasion applied to the corneal surface. Keratoplasty restores the corneal anatomy, removing the inflamed or infected tissues, in order to promote visual acuity. The technique of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) selectively removes the diseased layers of the cornea, keeping the Descemet membrane and endothelium healthy, reducing the risk of rejection, aimed at tissue recovery. In the present report, a canine, from the Shih Tzu breed, a female, that has not been castrated, 2 years and 6 months old, was treated, she had a history of ocular discomfort and mucous secretion in both eyes. In the ophthalmic examination, keratoconjunctivitis sicca was found in the left eye and ectopic cilia was found in both eyes. With the aid of a fluorescein test, the presence of a deep stromal ulcer affecting the right eye was confirmed. The patient underwent ectopic cilia removal using the wedge resection technique and an allogeneic corneal transplantation using DALK, with only the diseased epithelium and stroma being replaced, reducing the risk of rejection and failures related to surgery. 90 days after the procedure, there was no reaction to the graft, there was complete epithelial repair and maintenance of visual function with slight corneal opacity.

RESUMO: Este estudo isolou e determinou o perfil de sensibilidade e de resistência a antimicrobianos de cepas bacterianas isoladas da cloaca de Trachemys scripta elegans (T. s. elegans) criadas em cativeiro. Após 120 dias de adaptação, amostras de swab cloacal obtidas de 20 animais adultos foram cultivadas e, após a identificação dos patógenos através de testes bioquímicos, submetidas ao teste de suscetibilidade a nove antimicrobianos. Enterobacter aerogenes (85%); Shigella spp. (10%) e Edwadsiella spp. (5%) foram isolados e identificados. Os isolados de E. aerogenes foram sensíveis à gentamicina (86%), enrofloxacina (79%), estreptomicina (50%), sulfazotrim (36%) e ampicilina (29%) e resistentes a penicilina (100%), eritromicina (93%), cefalexina (86%) ampicilina (71%) e sulfazotrim (64%). Isolados de Shigella spp. apresentaram sensibilidade à gentamicina (100%), enrofloxacina (50%), doxicilina (50%), estreptomicina (50%), ampicilina (50%), penicilina (50%) e sulfazotrim (50%) e resistência a doxicilina (50%), estreptomicina (50%), ampicilina (50%), penicilina (100%), cefalexina (50%) e sulfazotrim (50%), enquanto que os de Edwardsiella spp. foram sensíveis apenas à gentamicina (100%) e altamente resistentes (100%) aos demais antimicrobianos. Os resultados sugerem a participação de T. s. elegans na cadeia epidemiológica, como reservatório de patógenos importantes, como E. aerogenes, Shigella spp. e Edwardisiella spp., tornando importante a adoção de medidas preventivas pelo risco zoonótico que apresentam e corretas de tratamento e de controle em cativeiros e domicílios, assim como de estudos que enfoquem as características de sensibilidade e de resistência antimicrobiana dos isolados cloacais, pois a multirresistência a drogas pode ser transmitida aos humanos e comprometer o tratamento de indivíduos com doenças graves.

Background: Acute spinal traumas can lead to irreversible damage associated with vascular and inflammatory changes in neural tissue. Since spine and spinal cord traumas have an unfavorable prognosis in small animals, and reports of the use of Steinmann pins and polymethylmethacrylate repair of lumbar vertebra fracture-luxation in puppies are rare in the literature, the present paper aimed to report the surgical treatment of transversal fracture through the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra, with dorsocranial displacement of the caudal fragment by using Steinmann pins and polymethylmethacrylate in a 7-month-old Labrador Retriever male dog.Case: A 7-month-old intact male Labrador Retriever dog, weighing 24.0 kg was attended at School Veterinary Hospital with a history of hit by car and paraplegia of the hind limbs. On neurological examination was observed no proprioception and no deep pain sensitivity on the both pelvic limbs. The lumbar spinal palpation showed intense pain, and the motor function and patellar reflexes were reduced. The values of haematological and biochemical analysis remained within the reference values for the species. Radiographs revealed a transversal fracture through the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra, with dorsocranial displacement of the caudal fragment, and was decided to perform a surgical treatment by open reduction and internal fixation of the fracture. The dog was positioned in ventral recumbency for surgery, and a dorsal midline incision was made from the second lumbar vertebra to the sixth lumbar vertebra. Two crossed 1.5 mm Kirschner wires were placed through the caudal articular facets of the fourth lumbar vertebra to provide initial stability. Two 2.0 mm Steinmann pins were placed at 60° angle of the bodies of the second and fifth lumbar vertebrae, and third and fourth lumbar vertebrae. This procedure was repeated on the other side of the vertebral bodies. Sixty grams of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement was applied and the fixation was checked for stability. Muscular, subcutaneous tissue and skin was closed routinely. The dog was paraplegic without any pain and used a wheelchair to assist in locomotion, although it still had urinary and faecal incontinence; no tail control; and the implants were not removed.Discussion: Lumbar vertebral injuries, as in the present case frequently, occur secondary to severe trauma (e.g. hit by car) and seem to have a characteristic fracture pattern. The patient became paraplegic due to spinal cord injury and failure of sensitivity and elimination of urine and feces which can be associated with progressive destruction of neuronal tissue due to secondary vascular and inflammatory events. The radiographic exam was used to confirm the spinal injury and determine whether by conservative or surgical treatment. The treatment choice is related to the number of fractured compartments, and the presence or not of compression. Fractures in two or more compartments are indicative of surgical treatment, similar as the present case. Use of Steinmann pins was to make a rigid fixing system compared with block plates used for the same function. Use of polymethylmethacrylate may also become a complication due to the infection, for this reason was prescribed an antibiotic for 15 days. This procedure proved to be effective since the dog showed no signs of infection. According to the characteristics of the present case report, the use of Steinmann pins and polymethylmethacrylate for repair of transversal fracture through the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra, with dorsocranial displacement of the caudal fragment provided an effective and practical means of stabilisation, promoting decompression, and thus, improving the patient's quality of life.

Cauda Equine Syndrome (CES) involves a set of clinical manifestations caused by the compression of nerve roots that make up a terminal region of the spinal cord. The etiology is associated with lumbosacral stenosis, intervertebral disc degeneration between the 7th lumbar vertebra and 1st sacral vertebra, among other causes. The diagnosis is performed