No abstract

Exercises involving whole-body vibration are useful for stimulation and physical rehabilitation. However, it is necessary to verify its effects not only on musculoskeletal tissues but also on internal organs. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the whole-body vibration platform on the renal resistive index in healthy dogs. Ten clinically healthy dogs of different breeds, 6 males and 4 females, aged from 1.7-3.5 years (mean 2.1±0.6 SD) and weighing from 20.5-41 kg (mean 32.1±7.1 SD), were used. The dogs were submitted to one session on a whole-body vibration platform (Thera Plate) at 30 Hz frequency for 5 min, followed by 50 Hz for 5 min and finishing with 30 Hz for 5 min. The renal artery resistive index of the left kidney was measured before and immediately after the whole-body vibration platform session, using a spectral doppler ultrasound (Triplex doppler imaging). The mean resistive index values before and immediately after the session were 0.65 (±0.04 SD) and 0.63 (±0.05 SD), respectively. In conclusion, the resistive index is not altered by a single whole-body vibration session using the TheraPlate platform.

No abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise on hematology and serum biochemistry in healthy dogs. Ten intact beagle dogs, 3 females, and 7 males, with a mean age of 3 years, and mean body mass of 14.3kg, body condition score between 4.0/9 and 4.5/9 were evaluated. The WBV sessions were done with the dog standing up on all 4 feet on a vibrating platform. Daily session of 30Hz for 5 minutes, followed by 50Hz for 5 minutes and finishing with 30Hz for 5 minutes was accomplished for 5 days. The velocity and amplitude of the vibrating platform were 12-40m/s and 1.7-2.5mm, respectively. Blood samples were collected, before and immediately after the WBV platform exercise session, and 1 and 6 hours after the end of each session for 5 days. In addition, blood samples were collected 24 hours and 48 hours after the last WBV platform exercise session. Complete blood count and serum biochemistry (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and serum total protein) were the data analyzed. The erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and packet cell volume values decreased, whereas the leukocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils values increased after WBV platform exercise sessions; however, all values were within the reference range. Other hematological and serum biochemical parameters did not show important variations. In conclusion, the WBV exercise sessions attended for 5 consecutive days did not adversely affect the hematology and serum biochemistry of adult healthy dogs.

RESUMOForam utilizados 10 membros torácicos e pélvicos de ovinos e caprinos hígidos, de raça e sexo variados, com idade entre dois e quatro anos e peso corpóreo médio de 53kg. A porção distal dos membros torácicos e pélvicos foi submetida à técnica venográfica contrastada e à contagem vascular venosa da mesma região, em ambas as espécies. Não foram observadas diferenças numéricas em relação às veias entre machos e fêmeas, nem entre os membros direito e esquerdo da mesma espécie. Os ovinos possuem maior número de veias em relação aos caprinos. A técnica venográfica distal anterógrada de ambos os membros em ovinos e caprinos se mostrou aplicável revelando a vasculatura distal e podal, a comunicação entre os vasos venosos e a quantidade dos vasos presentes na região. A venografia é utilizada para o diagnóstico de afecções podais em equinos e ruminantes, fornecendo maior precisão no tratamento, monitoramento e no prognóstico da doença podal, por meio da realização dos venogramas seriados (Rucker et al., 2006;Lyle, 2007; Hunt e Wharton, 2010;Rucker, 2010). A angiografia tem sido bastante utilizada na pesquisa de afecções podais com maior porcentagem em equinos, diferentemente de bovinos e pequenos ruminantes (Burns e Cornell, 1981). Visto que a anatomia vascular dos dígitos dos pequenos ruminantes é similar à dos bovinos, os mesmos Recebido em 2 de setembro de 2014 Aceito em 7 de julho de 2015 E-mail: ivansantos7@hotmail.com podem servir de modelo para o estudo das afecções podais em bovinos (Burns e Cornell, 1981).Segundo Rucker (2010), a padronização da técnica de venografia contrastada e a sua realização em animais hígidos é importante para o reconhecimento do padrão de contraste normal da região podal e, não menos importante, os artefatos que possam surgir durante o exame venográfico. Concomitantemente, a padronização da técnica auxilia na prática clínica e/ou cirúrgica (Rucker, 2010).

No abstract

This study aimed to describe the radiographic anatomy and osteology and to evaluate angular radiographic measurements-Norberg angle, inclination angle and anteversion angle-of the pelvic limbs in free-ranging capybaras. Twenty cadavers of free-ranging capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), including five adults and 15 subadults, were studied. Ventrodorsal, craniocaudal, dorsoplantar and mediolateral radiographic views of the pelvic limbs were obtained. The radiographic features were described together with bone samples. The hip bone (os coxae), shaped like an isosceles trapezoid, was elongated and narrow with the presence of an oblong obturator foramen, sagittal ilial wing and rectilinear ilial body. The femoral shaft was relatively straight, while the greater trochanter was projected above the femoral head. No sesamoid bones of the gastrocnemius and popliteus muscles were observed radiographically or for those animals used in gross macroscopy. The fibula was located lateral and parallel to the tibia. Eight tarsal bones, four metatarsal bones and three digits were identified. The mean radiographic measurements included Norberg angle of 125.9°; respective angles of femoral inclination by the Hauptman B and Tomlinson methods of 139.9 and 141°; anteversion angle of the femoral head and neck of 29.80°. The bones of the pelvic limbs in capybaras have several anatomical characters and radiological features that are shared with members of the caviomorph superfamily Cavioidea. The radiographic angles measured in this study help characterize the functional morphology of this species.

Despite the change in values, the conclusions previously published remain valid. Reactions which are traditionally slow under conventional heating show the greatest energy gain on transferring to microwave activation. These include many of the most widely used organic reactions. Equations 18 and 19 on page 673 are incorrect. These equations were used in the paper qualitatively only, so the conclusions are not affected. However, these equations can be used to calculate eutectic constants, and incorrect equations will lead to wrong conclusions.(e) Calculation of Eutectic ee in Dilute Solutions. Integration of eq 4 from temperatures T 1 to T 2 results in:From this equation, K eu at T 2 can be calculated from K eu at T 1 if the heat of solution for a pure enantiomer and the racemic compound are obtained. This indicates that the eutectic ee at T 2 can be calculated from the eutectic ee at T 1 (eqs 16 and 17).Similarly, integration of eq 15 from temperatures T 1 to T 2 results in: From this equation, K eu at T 2 can be calculated from K eu at T 1 if melting temperatures, enthalpy of fusions, and heat capacities for a pure enantiomer and the racemic compound are measured (ignoring the small differences between intermolecular homochiral and heterochiral interactions). Therefore, the eutectic ee at T 2 can be calculated from the eutectic ee at T 1 .