RESUMOA hipospadia é uma anomalia congênita da genitália externa, na qual a uretra peniana termina ventral e caudalmente à sua abertura normal. Pode ser classificada, com base na localização da abertura uretral, como glandular, peniana, escrotal, perineal e anal. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso raro de hipospadia perineal, em que são abordados seus aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos, em um cão macho, sem raça definida, com seis meses de idade. Um canino com histórico de suspeita de hermafroditismo e presença de um orifício, logo abaixo do ânus, pelo qual urinava foi atendido no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Durante o exame físico, foi observado o meato uretral localizado ventralmente ao ânus, além de alterações no prepúcio, pênis e escroto. Foram realizados exames de triagem, tais como: hemograma completo, urinálise, ecografia abdominal e uretrocistografia. O cão foi encaminhado para a cirurgia, quando foi submetido à amputação peniana e prepucial total e também à orquiectomia. O canino recebeu antibioticoterapia, analgésicos, antiinflamatório e limpezas diárias dos pontos e da região perineal e apresentou excelente recuperação pós-operatória. Após 30 dias da cirurgia, o paciente retornou ao hospital, e foi verificada completa cicatrização da ferida cirúrgica, sem sinais de infecção urinária e inflamação ou assaduras na região perineal. A hipospadia perineal é um caso raro de anomalia uretral congênita, ainda pouco documentada em medicina veterinária. O procedimento cirúrgico realizado demonstrou ser importante, uma vez que removeu toda a genitália externa defeituosa, onde, futuramente, poderiam desenvolver-se infecções e/ou inflamações. Com isso, minimizou as complicações dessa doença e melhorou a qualidade de vida do paciente. Palavras-chave: anomalias congênitas, uretra, defeitos desenvolvimentares, canino ABSTRACT Hypospadias is a congenital anomaly of the external genitalia, where the penile urethra finishes its normal opening ventrally and caudally. It can be classified based on the location of the urethral opening as glandular, penile, scrotal, perineal and anal. The aim of this work was report an uncommon case of perineal hypospadias, working on the clinical and therapeutic aspects in a six-month-old male dog of undefined race. A dog with a history of suspected hermaphroditism and presenting a hole below the anus by which it urinated, was rescued at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). During the physical exam, it was observed that the urethral meatus was
RESUMO A criocirurgia tem sido utilizada no tratamento de diferentes enfermidades de sistemas e órgãos. Contudo, são relatados efeitos adversos, como cicatrização lenta, cicatrizes extensas, disfunção estética e funcional. As lesões que ocorrem naturalmente pela exposição ao frio extremo, comumente, resultam em gangrena. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência das células-tronco mesenquimais de origem adiposa (ADSCs) na fase de proliferação da cicatrização de feridas cutâneas. Por meio da aplicação do nitrogênio líquido pela técnica do spray aberto, realizou-se a indução de uma ferida, de aproximadamente 15mm de diâmetro, na região dorsal de cada rato. A ferida recebeu o tratamento de acordo com o grupo ao qual pertencia: 1) aplicação das ADSCs no 15º dia (grupo tratado); 2) aplicação da solução cloreto de sódio 0,9% no 15º dia (grupo sham); 3) nenhuma intervenção até o momento da eutanásia (grupo controle). O grupo tratado com as ADSCs apresentou as maiores taxas de contração média das feridas e obteve diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação ao grupo sham quanto à neovascularização. A terapia com as ADSCs proporcionou uma relevante evolução clínica das feridas, podendo ser constatada ao final do período de avaliação por cicatrizes mais estreitas e compridas.
Evidence from the literature is contentious about the impact of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on the skeleton, suggesting a possible negative role of this condition on non-obese women. We investigated this hypothesis employing a well-characterized testosterone propionate (TP) rodent model of PCOS to address the consequences of androgenization on bone microarchitecture, histology, and mechanical strength. For this study, Wistar rats (n= 38) were divided in 4 groups: 1) “Control OVX” (single dose of corn oil s.c. at day 5 of life and ovariectomy at day 100, n=9); 2) “Control SHAM” (n=9); 3) “Androgenized OVX”(single dose of TP 1.25 mg s.c. at day 5 of life and ovariectomy at day 100, n=10); and 4) “Androgenized SHAM” (n=10). Full characterization of estrous cycles and weight was performed during growth, and all animals were euthanized at day 180. Successful ovariectomy was confirmed by neglected levels of serum estradiol. Endpoints evaluated include bone micro CT (femur and spinal column), bone histology (number of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in the femur), and mechanical tests. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee. At the end of the study (day 180), Androgenized OVX rats were heavier than the other three groups. MicroCT Analysis: Androgenized SHAM rats exhibited a significantly higher trabecular mass in the spine (BV/BT) (mean + SEM) 49.21 + 2.42 % versus Control SHAM 36.42 + 1.39 % (Student T-test p=0.001). Following ovariectomy, BV/BT in Androgenized OVX was 40.4 + 2.83 % against 20.34 + 1.85 % in Control OVX (Student T-test p=0.0003). Lumbar trabecular thickness(μm) was also higher in Androgenized OVX (p=0.0065) as well the Trabecular number (n/mm)(p=0.0003). A similar increase in trabecular mass was observed in the femur. Androgenized SHAM rats had a significant higher BV/BT (%), trabecular thickness(μm), and decreased trabecular separation (p < 0.001). However, a significant reduction in cortical bone (thickness) was noted (Student T-test p=0.001). A histological study of the distal femur of Androgenized SHAM rats also show a significantly increased number of osteoclasts and decreased number of osteoblasts than Control SHAM (0< 001). When submitted to the mechanical test, Androgenized Sham rats presented a decreased strength (p<0.01) in relation to its controls. After ovariectomy, there was a reduction in bone in all oophorectomized groups. However, differently than the vertebral bones, no differences regarding bone mechanical strength or stiffness as well microCT values, or bone histology parameters were noted in the femur of Control OVX or Androgenized OVX. Our results suggest that androgenization in a rodent model of PCOS leads, at the same time, to a generalized increase in trabecular (cancellous) bone mass (especially in the spine), associated with a reduced cortical bone mass and decreased strength of the femur.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects women during their entire lifespan. Evidence from the literature suggests an association of PCOS with decreased bone formation markers (osteocalcin and P1NP), although no conclusive data about the incidence of fractures exist. In the present study, we investigated the consequences of androgenization in rats on bone markers and femur microCT and the changes in these parameters after ovariectomy. This study was approved by the local Animal Ethics Committee. Briefly, Wistar rats (n= 38) were divided in 4 groups: 1) “Control OVX” (single dose of corn oil s.c. at day 5 of life and ovariectomy at day 100, n=9); 2) “Control SHAM” (n=9); 3) “Androgenized OVX”(single dose of testosterone propionate 1.25 mg s.c. at day 5 of life and ovariectomy at day 100, n=10); and 4) “Androgenized SHAM” (n=10). Full characterization of estrous cycles and weight was performed during growth, and all animals were euthanized at day 180 during metestrus/diestrous. Evaluation of glucose levels, lipids, estradiol, P1NP levels (a marker of bone formation), and analysis of the femur micro CT Skyscan 1174 (Aartselaar, Belgium) was performed in at least eight animals of each group. Ovariectomy increased the weight of Androgenized OVX rats on day 180: these animals were heavier than Control OVX, Control SHAM, or Androgenized SHAM (ANOVA p<0.001). However, metabolic changes were observed in ovary-intact Androgenized SHAM rats who exhibited higher total cholesterol (ANOVA p<0.001), increased LDL (ANOVA p=0.03), and elevated TyG index, a marker of insulin resistance (ANOVA p<0.001) against all other three groups. This group (Androgenized SHAM rats)also exhibited an increase in MicroCt bone density (g/cm-3) (mean + SEM) of 1.117 + 0.06 against the other - Control SHAM 0.8433 + 0.03, Control OVX 0.5527 + 0.001, and Androgenized OVX 0.6284 + 0.02 (ANOVA p< 0.001). Although the values of bone density between Control OVX and Androgenized OVX groups were similar, gonadal removal produced a different pattern of bone density reduction between Control OVX and Androgenized OVX (Two-Way ANOVA p=0.001). Moreover, we found P1NP levels significantly decreased in the Androgenized OVX group (mean + SEM) of 58.57 + 4.41 ng/ml against 88.02 + 8.49 ng/ml in Control OVX versus (ANOVA p<0.0001) indicating lower bone formation. Our results suggest that bone and metabolic features of Androgenized rats are affected by ovariectomy with a negative impact on bone formation.
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