O pão é o produto obtido pela cocção, em condições tecnologicamente adequadas, de uma massa fermentada, ou não, preparada com farinha de trigo e/ou outras farinhas que contenham naturalmente proteínas formadoras de glúten ou adicionadas das mesmas e água, podendo também conter outros ingredientes. A classificação "pão de forma" é atribuída ao produto obtido pela cocção da massa em formas, apresentando miolo elástico e homogêneo, com poros finos e casca fina e macia (BRASIL, 2006). Vários tipos de fibras podem ser acrescentados aos produtos de panificação, na forma de farinhas integrais de sementes (trigo, aveia, centeio, milho, soja, aveia, cevada, girassol, linhaça, arroz e sorgo) ou fibras isoladas de frutas e outros vegetais (maçã, pêra e uva). Além do aspecto nutricional, as fibras apresentam, em sua maioria, custo baixo e são facilmente encontradas comercialmente (POMERANZ, 1987). De acordo com Stauffer (1990), existem duas razões para se adicionar fibras em pães, sendo a AbstractIn this work, the application of lipase and monoglyceride in fiber enriched pan bread was studied, to verify the possibility of substituting the emulsifier by the enzyme. Initially, the main raw materials (flour and wheat bran) were characterized. The pan breads were produced using the straight dough method. A central composite rotational design was used, with two independent variables: i) lipase dosage; and ii) monoglyceride dosage and, in parallel, a control test was carried out (without the addition of lipase and monoglyceride) for comparison. The dependent variables or responses were the quality characteristics of the breads: i) specific volume; ii) sensory acceptance (appearance, texture, aroma and taste); and iii) shelf life evaluated by crumb moisture and firmness after one, four and seven days from baking. Within the ranges studied, it was possible to verify that only crumb moisture on the fourth and seventh days after processing was influenced by the variation of the lipase and monoglyceride dosages. In the sensory evaluation, it was observed that the average scores attributed to the control breads were lower than the lowest average of the experimental design trials, except for taste and aroma. As it was not possible to obtain mathematical models for all the responses, Assays 5 (1% monoglyceride), 7 (25 ppm lipase) and 9 (25 ppm lipase and 1% monoglyceride) of the experimental design, and the control test, were selected for the evaluation of the results by analysis of variance. In the conditions used and for the dosages of lipase (0 to 50 ppm) and monoglyceride (0 to 2%) used, the possibility to substitute monoglyceride by lipase in fiber enriched pan bread was verified. Keywords: pan bread; lipase; monoglyceride; fibers. ResumoNeste trabalho, estudou-se a aplicação da enzima lipase e do emulsificante monoglicerídeo em pão de forma enriquecido com fibras, com o objetivo de verificar a possibilidade de substituição do emulsificante pela enzima. Inicialmente, foi realizada a caracterização das matérias-primas principais (far...
a b s t r a c tThe present study aimed investigating the influence of the use of edible coatings from three different hydrocolloids during the deep-frying of a pre-fried, frozen product preformed from cassava. Three hydrocolloids (pectin, whey protein and soy protein isolate) were used as coatings in the deep-fat frying of preformed products made from cassava flour and from cassava purée. The water vapor permeability, water solubility and film thickness were measured. The cassava products were characterized with respect to their moisture and lipid contents. The water vapor permeability, water solubility and film thickness were directly proportional to the concentration of the films. Whey protein showed the best results with respect to fat absorption, presenting a reduction of 27% for the cassava purée product. The coating treatments were not efficient for the fingers preformed from cassava flour, indicating that different products can show different responses with the same type of coating material.
In this work, the effects of thermoplastic extrusion process parameters (raw material moisture content and temperature) and the addition of functional ingredients (lycopene and soy protein) on quality characteristics of a base-formulation for extruded corn snacks were studied, with the objective of developing an easy-to-eat functional product. A single-screw Labor PQ 30 model Inbramaq extruder was used for extrusion and a central composite rotational design (CCRD) was followed. The independent variables were: i) percentage of soy protein isolate (0-30%); ii) percentage of lycopene preparation (0-0.1%); iii) raw material moisture content (20-30%); and iv) 5th zone temperature (100-150 °C). The expansion index reached maximum values with the lowest raw material moisture content (20%) and intermediate temperatures (approximately 125 °C). Instrumental hardness was higher with high moisture and low temperature; however, increasing the percentage of soy protein was beneficial for the texture of the product, reducing hardness. The red color intensity increased with the increase in lycopene content and moisture, and with the reduction of temperature. Sensory acceptance tests were carried out for two products, with maximum percentages of the functional ingredients, 20% moisture and temperatures of 125 and 137 °C, with greater acceptance for the product extruded at 125 °C.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.