IntroductionIn recent decades, several studies have been carried out regarding the transport of materials, particularly precious metal particles in the nano regime. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) show special properties that are great scientific achievements in nanotechnology. Their use is widespread as they are produced in different ways depending on the type of material and its applications. Nanoparticles are among the most common elements in science and nanotech- Abstract Background: Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major characteristics of infectious agents. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been introduced as novel antibacterial agents in accordance with the traditional treatments. Our purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of AgNPs on the Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) that are resistant to antibiotics. Methods: During a cross-sectional study, we tried to evaluate 20 strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from the urine cultures of patients admitted to the hospital due to urinary tract infections. The AgNPs were commercially purchased. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AgNPs in different concentrations was determined by the dilution in wells on bacteria. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of P. aeruginosa was evaluated by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion standard. Results: Current study indicated that P. aeruginosa were resistant to four types of agents including ampicillin (85%), nitrofurantoin (65%), nalidixic acid (65%), and ciprofloxacin (15%) and result of nanosilver indicated that the most MIC was 100 ppm concentration, and six strains of P. aeruginosa were inhibited by it. Conclusion: Our study presented a new type of silver nanoparticle and indicated that they can be embedded in bone cement to prevent infections once synthetic conditions are tailored for such applications.

Background and Purpose :In traditional medicine, herbal products still remain the principal source of pharmaceutical agents. The present study aimed to investigate the antifungal effects of Echinophora platyloba and Rosmarinus officinalis extracts on C. albicans species.Materials and Methods :The aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of E. platyloba and R. officinalis, collected from the mountainous regions of Iran, were screened in terms of antimicrobial activity against C. albicans strains, using the agar well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by the microtitration technique.Results:Overall, the results showed that the leaf extracts of E. platyloba and R. officinalis had strong antimicrobial activities. Also, based on the findings, R. officinalis leaf extracts exhibited higher antimicrobial activity. The ethanolic leaf extracts of E. platyloba and R. officinalis showed good antimicrobial activity against C. albicans strains. However, the aqueous extracts did not show any major activities against the tested C. albicans strains. On the other hand, the ethanolic extracts exhibited major antimicrobial properties against C. albicans strains. The highest minimum inhibitory concentration was reported in E. platyloba leaf extracts. Conclusion:The present results indicated some advantages of E. platyloba and R. officinalis leaf extracts, which could be applied for the treatment of microbial infections.

Background: Scientists are seeking an appropriate alternative method for curing infections caused by resistant bacteria, since drug resistance is continually increasing. Objectives: This research aims to discover the function of some medicine plants on pestiferous Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli in humans. Materials and Methods: Bacterial strains were obtained from a standard laboratory. The strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 and E.coli ATCC25922 bacteria were used for antimicrobial testing of the extractions. Results: Our results showed that Teucrium polium extracts have the minimum density of inhibitory for Escherichia coli, 25 ppm, whereas the maximum of this is for Peganum harmala and Prangos ferulaceae with 100 ppm. The lowest minimum concentration inhibitory value of extracts P. harmala, T. polium, T. pratensis and Rumex was found in 25 ppm against P.aeruginosa. Conclusions:The results of our study showed that plant extracts have good antibacterial properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli.

Background: As we know metronidazole is a selective treatment for Trichomoniasis, however, it has many side effects, and, on the other hand, it is important to try finding natural alternative treatments. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Rosmarinus officinalis plant extract on Trichomonas vaginalis parasites and Candida albicans under laboratory conditions. Methods: In this experimental study, Rosmarinus officinalis methanolic extracts were prepared. The anti-trichomoniasis effect was evaluated at concentrations of 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0004, 0.0002, and 0.0001 µg/mL in TYIS33 culture media and resulted data were analyzed by ANOVA. Results: The results of this study showed that in the concentration of 0.001 at 4 hours, the parasite was spherical and inactivated, while at concentrations of 0.0004, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 in 1 hour. The results of this study showed that Rosmarinus officinalis extract in concentration of 100 µg/mL has an inhibitory effect on Candida albicans, so that the highest inhibitory diameter was 18.3 ± 0.9 mm while two other strains exhibit resistance and no inhibitory zones. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that rosemary extract inhibits the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans that can be used to treat infections.

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii are opportunistic pathogens that are found in abundance in Zabol. Due to their unique capability for long-term survival in the hospital environment, the chances of becoming infected with the bacteria are very high. Therefore, identifying potential sources of infection in the donor is very important. The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter isolates. Methods: A cross sectional study was performed to evaluate 30 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, isolated from urine culture of hospitalized patients (Amir-Al-Momenin Hospital, Zabol, South Eastern Iran) with urinary tract infections during a period of 6 months and antibiotic resistance was determined by the disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration for the antibiotic gentamicin was found with the microdilution method. Results: The results showed that in this study, all antibiotics used on Acinetobacter were effective antimicrobial agents, and only four positions (13.33%) and 26 sensitive points (86.66%) to these antibiotics have been accessed. After chloramphenicol, gentamicin was found as the most active antibiotic in a way that 7 sensitive samples (23.33%) and 23 officials (76.66%) were observed. Results of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed that four strains of Acinetobacter could grow at all concentrations of gentamicin, while the highest MIC was equal to 1024 micrograms per milliliter. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the increasing resistance of many strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, thus new antibiotics and new treatments are needed.

Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding CASRP΄s archiving and manuscript policies encouraged to visit: http://www.casrp.co.uk/journals AbstractThe aim study antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticles against resistant strains of E.coli bacteria.12 strains of E. coli strains arising urinary infection were isolated from hospitalized patient in zabolhospitals. Minimum inhibitory concentration of winter cherry were determined by dilution method in various concentration on bacteria. The highest MIC values was found to be 100ppm against one E.coli and the least MIC values was observed in 12.5 ppm. This work, integrates nanotechnology and bacteriology, leading to possible advances in the formulation of new types of bactericides.

The present study investigates the anti-spermatogenic potential of ethanolic extract of Matricaria recutita a plant belonging to Asteraceae family. The effects of an ethanolic extract of the Matricaria recutita on spermatogenesis, histology of testis and level of testosterone were examined in control and experimental groups. Results showed that Matricaria recutita extract did not cause any changes in body weight, but significantly decreased the testis weight (p<0.05). The sperm motility and the epididymal sperm counts and serum testosterone levels of rats treated for 56 days were significantly reduced (p<0.05). There were various degrees of damage to the seminiferous tubules including; disorganized germinal epithelium, degenerated and necrotic cells and reduction in the diameter of seminiferous tubules. It can be concluded that that alcoholic extract of Matricaria recutita has antispermatogenic properties in adult male rats through its compounds and it may be useful to regulate spermatogenesis and male fertility.

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to isolate CTX-M1 and CTX-M3 genes producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) from clinical samples of Salmonella typhimurium isolated from poultry in Zabol, Iran. Methods: All the strains were cultured and identified in a clinical microbiology laboratory and were recovered from blood and urine cultures. The in vitro presence of ESBL was confirmed with Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute double disc and PCR methods for CTX-M1 and CTX-M3. Results: The results of this study showed that Salmonella typhimurium samples were resistant to ampicillin (41.66%), gentamycin (0%), cefazolin (0%), amoxi-clav (10%), and azithromycin (5%) antibiotics. Conclusions: The widespread use of ESBL antibiotics has increased the spread of ESBL enzymes in Iran and throughout the world and the use of these antibiotics is becoming more and more limited. Therefore, the complete identification of ESBL by experiments, the restriction of the use of beta-lactam antibiotics and the use of beta-lactamase inhibitors can maintain the efficacy of beta-lactam antibiotics as much as possible.