Intensive
studies on stem cell therapy reveal that benefits of
stem cells attribute to the paracrine effects. Hence, direct delivery
of stem cell secretome to the injured site shows the comparative therapeutic
efficacy of living cells while avoiding the potential limitations.
However, conventional systemic administration of stem cell secretome
often leads to rapid clearance in vivo. Therefore,
a variety of different biomaterials are developed for sustained and
controllable delivery of stem cell secretome to improve therapeutic
efficiency. In this review, we first introduce current approaches
for the preparation and characterization of stem cell secretome as
well as strategies to improve their therapeutic efficacy and production.
The up-to-date delivery platforms are also summarized, including nanoparticles,
injectable hydrogels, microneedles, and scaffold patches. Meanwhile,
we discuss the underlying therapeutic mechanism of stem cell secretome
for the treatment of various diseases. In the end, future opportunities
and challenges are proposed.
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