Introduction Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) disproportionately impact racial and ethnic minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged adults. Yet, these populations are significantly underrepresented in research. Methods We systematically reviewed the literature for published reports describing recruitment and retention of individuals from underrepresented backgrounds in ADRD research or underrepresented participants' perspectives regarding ADRD research participation. Relevant evidence was synthesized and evaluated for quality. Results We identified 22 eligible studies. Seven studies focused on recruitment/retention approaches, all of which included multifaceted efforts and at least one community outreach component. There was considerable heterogeneity in approaches used, specific activities and strategies, outcome measurement, and conclusions regarding effectiveness. Despite limited use of prospective evaluation strategies, most authors reported improvements in diverse representation in ADRD cohorts. Studies evaluating participant views focused largely on predetermined explanations of participation including attitudes, barriers/facilitators, education, trust, and religiosity. Across all studies, the strength of evidence was low. Discussion Overall, the quantity and quality of available evidence to inform best practices in recruitment, retention, and inclusion of underrepresented populations in ADRD research are low. Further efforts to systematically evaluate the success of existing and emergent approaches will require improved methodological standards and uniform measures for evaluating recruitment, participation, and inclusivity.

A facile and mild approach was used for the controlled synthesis of 3D porous gear-like CuO on a Cu substrate (PGC) based on annealing gear-like Cu(OH) 2 (GC) at 200 uC in air. There are 3-10 edges that build up a gear-like structure and a huge number of holes formed on each edge. As an integrated nanostructure, the binder-free PGC can be used as a supercapacitors electrode (SC) directly. Due to its 3D porous structure and the highly conductive Cu substrate as a current collector, the integrated electrode exhibited excellent electrochemical properties. These were demonstrated by excellent specific capacitance as high as 348 F g 21 at a discharge current density of 1 A g 21 , which corresponds to the energy density of 43.5 Wh kg 21 . The electrochemical tests also showed that the as-synthesized PGC exhibited excellent cycling stability.

Aims To examine the contribution of self‐efficacy, social support, and resilience to subjective well‐being (SWB), to examine the mediating effect of resilience in the relationship between social support and SWB, and to investigate if marital status moderates the relationship between social support and SWB among people with spinal cord injuries (SCI). Design A descriptive cross‐sectional study, conducted from November 2017–January 2018. Methods One hundred and two individuals with SCI were recruited from a rehabilitation center and a community setting in Nepal. SWB, self‐efficacy, social support, resilience, demographics and injury‐related information was collected using self‐reported questionnaires. Hierarchical regression analysis, mediation analysis, and moderation analysis were performed in SPSS and R to test the hypotheses. Results Self‐efficacy, social support, and resilience uniquely explained 19% of the variance on SWB after controlling for demographic covariates. In the mediation analysis, resilience partially mediated the relationship between social support and SWB. In the moderation analysis, marital status moderated the relationship between resilience and SWB. Conclusion Subjective well‐being of persons with SCI is associated with many factors. Interventions to strengthen self‐efficacy, resilience, and social networks can be effective to enhance SWB. A stronger association between resilience and SWB among single participants reflects the need to provide specific considerations for persons with SCI who are single. Longitudinal and/or experimental studies are needed to further validate these findings. Impact This study identified external and internal factors contributing to SWB in persons with SCI. Self‐efficacy, social support, and resilience were found to be significantly associated with SWB. Resilience acted as a mediator between social support and SWB. The relationship between resilience and SWB was stronger in single participants than married participants. The findings have potential implications in the field of nursing since nurses are one of the integral members of the SCI rehabilitation team.

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Background Living with chronic condition(s) is difficult, due in part to the complexities of effective disease self‐care. Self‐care has been considered a challenging process according to the literature which describes multiple barriers patients with chronic conditions experience. Resilience has the potential to buffer the adversities of daily self‐care and maintain physical and emotional well‐being. No systematic review and meta‐analysis have been conducted to synthesise and quantify the relationship between resilience and self‐care across chronic conditions. Aims (1) To examine how the definitions and measurements of self‐care and resilience align with the middle‐range theory of self‐care of chronic illness (i.e. self‐care maintenance, self‐care monitoring, and self‐care management) and 3 Rs of resilience process from the society‐to‐cells framework (i.e. resistance, recovery and rebound) across different chronic conditions; and (2) to examine whether and the degree to which resilience is correlated with self‐care across different chronic conditions. Design Systematic review and meta‐analysis, following PRISMA guidelines. Methods PubMed, CINAHL, SocINDEX and PsychINFO were searched for quantitative studies published from January 2000 through July 2020. Descriptive data were summarised using numerical counting to provide an overview of the study characteristics. Definitions and measurements of self‐care and resilience were synthesised narratively based on self‐care and resilience theories. Numerical data with Pearson's product–moment correlation among observational studies were examined using meta‐analysis. Results This review included 20 articles, involving 9,269 individuals across 11 chronic conditions. Despite self‐care and resilience being defined and operationalised in a variety of ways, most definitions shared some underlying core constructs. Meta‐analysis showed a positive relationship between resilience and self‐care across chronic conditions. Findings from interventional studies indicated a bidirectional relationship between resilience and self‐care. Conclusions Overall, resilience was positively associated with self‐care in people with chronic conditions. Longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to better understand the causal relationship between resilience and self‐care. Relevant to clinical practice Resilience has the potential to buffer the adversities of daily self‐care and maintain physical and emotional well‐being. The positive relationship between resilience and self‐care found in this review provides preliminary evidence for clinicians to not only focus on reducing barriers and risk factors of self‐care but also to improve or increase patients’ resilience through various evidence‐based interventions.

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A novel solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber was fabricated by a porous aromatic framework 48 (PAF-48)/gel hybrid material through a sol-gel process. PAF-48 is a porous organic framework (POF) material that was polymerized from 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene. The uniform pore structure, high surface area, continuous conjugate network, and hydrophobicity make PAF-48 expected to have special abilities to absorb and extract styrene as well as some other harmful volatile aromatic compounds (VACs). The PAF-48/gel-coated fiber was explored for the extraction of styrene and six VACs (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) from aqueous food simulants followed by gas chromatography (GC) separation. The fiber was found to be very sensitive for the determination of the target molecules with wide linear ranges (0.1-200 or 500 μg·kg), low limits of detection (LODs, 0.003-0.060 μg·kg), acceptable precisions (intraday relative standard deviation, RSD < 5.9%, interday RSD < 7.3%), and long lifetime (>200 times). Particularly for styrene, the PAF-48/gel-coated fiber exhibited a much lower LOD (0.006 μg·kg) compared with most of the reported fibers. Moreover, the PAF-48/gel-coated fiber had a high extraction selectivity for styrene and VACs over alcohols, phenols, aromatic amines, and alkanes and show a molecular sieving effect for the different molecule sizes. Finally, the PAF-48/gel-coated SPME fiber was successfully applied in GC for the determination of the specific migrations of styrene and VACs from polystyrene (PS) plastic food contact materials (FCMs).

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