MicroRNA-122-functionalized DNA tetrahedron stimulate hepatic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells for acute liver failure therapy

Emerging nanoparticle platforms for CpG oligonucleotide delivery

“…55 Benefitting from high biocompatibility and excellent structural programmability, self-assembled DNA nanostructures have emerged as promising candidates to serve as efficient nanocarriers for drug delivery. [56][57][58][59] Recent research has indicated that DNA nanocarriers can also be efficiently utilized for CpG delivery. 21,60 In the design of the DNA nanostructures, the secondary structure of CpG ODNs is an important factor influencing the immune response.…”

“…DNA tetrahedra, which are easily self-assembled from four or six oligonucleotides, show promising efficacy in immobilizing nucleic acids in defined orientations and spacing on the DNA tetrahedra surfaces. 59,[72][73][74][75] DNA tetrahedra were effective in increasing the potency of CpG motifs to enter into the macrophages and induce cytokines from macrophages. Fan and collaborators appended unmethylated CpG motifs to the multivalent DNA tetrahedra.…”

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells protect against ferroptosis in acute liver failure through the IGF1-hepcidin-FPN1 axis and inhibiting iron loading

“…Simultaneously, MSCs have emerged as highly viable alternatives in clinical practice. Meanwhile, stem cell-derived hepatocyte therapy could also effectively treat ALF [ 23 , 24 ]. Currently, 163 ongoing clinical trials use MSCs to treat different liver diseases, including ALF ( ; Accessed 13 December 2021).…”

Stem cell-based ischemic stroke therapy: Novel modifications and clinical challenges

“…Stem cells (SCs) can proliferate, self-renew, and differentiate into various functional cells under certain conditions [14] . Numerous studies are currently engrossed in the promising potential of SCs for treating various diseases, such as IS [15] , pulmonary fibrosis [16] , liver failure [17 , 18] and cancer [19] . Research on using multiple SC types for treating IS is extensively conducted among these studies.…”