Resumo -Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar um sistema de previsão de safra de soja para o Brasil, baseado em modelos empíricos regionalizados para estimativa da produtividade, a partir de um banco de dados de área cultivada em escala municipal, e de um sistema de monitoramento agrometeorológico de abrangência nacional. Forecast system of soybean crop yield for BrazilAbstract -The aim of this work was to evaluate a system to forecast soybean crop yield for Brazil, based on regional empirical models to assess crop yield, with data from a national database of soybean cropped area in municipal scale, and from an agrometeorological monitoring system covering all Brazilian States. The models incorporated the conceptual bases proposed by Doorenbos & Kassam, with empirical adjustments for each region of Brazil, considering the diverse potential yield of most used varieties and the regional differences in the soybean production systems. Cultivated area database from each State was structured with data from IBGE and Conab. Soybean yield was estimated for harvests from 2000/2001 to 2005/2006 and compared to Conab surveys. Statistical analysis using Test t point out that there is no significant difference between estimates and official data. Good fittings were gotten for region grouped yield data (R 2 ≥0.87), with higher deviations for harvest assessment of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Mato Grosso do Sul, Maranhão, Piauí and Bahia. In national scale, the highest observed deviation was 5.81% for the 2000/2001 harvest, and the smaller one was 0.62% for the 2005/2006 yield.

Efi ciência climática para as culturas da soja e do trigo no estado do Rio Grande do Sul em diferentes datas de semeadura

The radiation balance of hedgerows is an important variable in studies of mass and energy exchanges between parcial ground cover crops and the atmosphere. This paper describes a device with eight net radiometers encompassing the plants of a hedgerow. The radiometers were moved along a length of hedgerow, in a continuous and reversible movement. The canopy net radiation in this length (Rnc) was found by integration of the measurements over the notional cylinder formed. The device showed good performance and provided reliable measurements of Rnc of coffee hedgerows, showing itselfto be an useful technique of measurement in field conditions. Good correlations between Rnc and global solar radiation, turfgrass and coffee crop net radiation were found in 15-min, daytime and 24-hr periods, allowing the possibility of estimating Rnc from these simple measurements. Beer’s law was also used to have an independent estimation of Rnc. A good agreement was found between values of Rnc estimated by this law of attenuation and those integrated by the device in periods of 15 min, with overestimation of 10%, whereas for values integrated over daytime periods the agreement was not satisfactory.

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Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a dinâmica floral e determinar o índice de abortamento de flores de híbridos de canola (Brassica napus) e de mostarda castanha (Brassica juncea), bem como determinar suas relações com as condições meteorológicas do Sul do Brasil. Durante a floração, dez híbridos de canola e dois de mostarda foram avaliados a cada três dias quanto ao número de flores abertas, de síliquas e de flores abortadas. O número acumulado e relativo de flores foi usado para avaliação da dinâmica floral. A relação desses números com a soma térmica acumulada durante a floração foi determinada por meio de modelo logístico. A partir dos coeficientes desse modelo, identificaram-se grupos de genótipos com diferentes taxas de emissão de flores. O abortamento de flores entre híbridos variou de 10,53 a 45,96% e correlacionou-se com a temperatura e a demanda evaporativa da atmosfera. Genótipos com maiores tempos térmicos entre o período de máxima emissão de flores e o final da floração geralmente apresentam maiores percentagens de abortamento de flores. O ajuste dos dados de emissão de flores aos de soma térmica do período da floração, por meio de modelo logístico, permite simular a dinâmica floral de híbridos de canola e mostarda castanha.Termos para indexação: Brassica juncea, Brassica napus, deiscência natural, soma térmica, umidade relativa. Floral dynamics and flower abortion in hybrids of canola and Indian mustardAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the floral dynamics and to determine the index of flower abortion in canola (Brassica napus) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) hybrids, as well as to determine their relation with meteorological conditions of southern Brazil. During flowering, ten hybrids of canola and two of Indian mustard were evaluated every three days as to the number of open flowers, pods, and aborted flowers. The cumulative and the relative number of flowers were used to evaluate floral dynamics. The relation of these numbers with the accumulated thermal sum during flowering was determined with a logistic model. Groups of genotypes with different flowering rates were identified using the model coefficients. Flower abortion among hybrids ranged from 10.53 to 45.96% and was correlated with temperature and hydric demand of the atmosphere. Genotypes with larger thermal times between the peak and the end of flowering generally had higher percentages of flower abortion. The adjustment of data from flower emission to those of the thermal sum of the flowering period, using a logistic model, allows simulating floral dynamics of hybrids of canola and Indian mustard.Index terms: Brassica juncea, Brassica napus, natural dehiscence, thermal sum, relative humidity. IntroduçãoA cultura da canola (Brassica napus L.) foi introduzida no Rio Grande do Sul em meados da década de 1970 e vem ganhando destaque como alternativa produtiva rentável para a estação fria, nos estados do Sul do Brasil e, também, em outras regiões do país. A adaptação climática da espécie está entre as princi...

Resumo A cultura do crambe surge como alternativa de produção, destacando sua precocidade e o potencial para a produção de óleo, em estação fria. A escassez de informações sobre parâmetros climáticos e fenológicos conduziu à determinação da temperatura basal inferior, da duração do ciclo e da constante térmica da cultura do crambe em Frederico Westphalen (RS). O trabalho foi composto por sete épocas de semeadura em 2009 e quatro em 2010. A temperatura basal inferior foi determinada pelos métodos do menor desvio-padrão e do desenvolvimento relativo. A temperatura basal para o subperíodo emergência-maturação (EME-MAT) foi de 9,5 ºC, enquanto para os subperíodos emergência-início da floração (EME-IFLO), emergência-fim da floração (EME-FFLO) e início da floração-fim da floração (IFLO-FFLO) foram, respectivamente, de 10,2 ºC, 10,8 ºC e 10,0 ºC, obtidas pelo método do menor desvio-padrão. O subperíodo compreendido entre EME-MAT variou de 74 a 136 dias, com duração média de 96 dias. Para os subperíodos EME-IFLO, EME-FFLO e IFLO-FFLO a duração média foi, respectivamente, de 52, 82 e 29 dias. Considerando-se os valores de temperatura basal para cada subperíodo, a duração média entre EME-MAT foi de 691 ºC dia, variando entre 576 ºC dia e 792ºC dia. Para os subperíodos EME-IFLO, EME-FFLO e IFLO-FFLO, a duração média do foi de 279 ºC dia; 444 ºC dia e 220 ºC dia, respectivamente. Palavras-chave:Crambe abyssinica Hochst., temperatura, fenologia. Basal temperature, crop growth cycle duration and growing degree-days of crambe AbstractCrambe is an alternative crop, precocious and with potential to produce oil during the cold season. The scarcity of information about climatic and phenological parameters led to the determination of basal temperature, crop growth cycle duration and growing degree-days of Crambe. The research was composed of seven sowing dates in 2009 and four in 2010. Basal temperature was determined by the methods of least variability and relative development. The basal temperature for the subperiod emergence-maturation (EME-MAT) was 9.5 °C, whereas for the subperiods seedling emergency-early flowering stage (EME-IFLO), seedling emergency-end of flowering (EME-FFLO) and early flowering-end of flowering (IFLO-FFLO) were 10.2 ºC, 10.8 °C and 10.0 ºC, respectively. The subperiod between EME-MAT ranged from 74 to 136 days with an average duration of 96 days. For EME-FLO, EME-FFLO and IFLO-FFLO the average duration was 52, 82 and 29 days, respectively. Considering the values of basal temperature for each period or subperiod, the average time between EME-MAT was 691 ºC day, ranging between 576 ºC day and 792 ºC day. For EME-IFLO, EME-FFLO and IFLO-FFLO, the average was 279 ºC day, varying between 444 °C day and 220 ºC day.

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