Introduction Throughout the historical course, the emergence of neurosurgery invariably involved the narrative about different eras, marked by relevant discoveries in the field of medical science. From prehistoric mystical and therapeutic reports to the Robotic Era in the 21st century, there were changes that contributed to current neurosurgery. Thus, this study will analyze articles and studies that describe the history of neurosurgery and demonstrate the main advances in the field of science.
Materials and methods This is a narrative review of scientific literature, carried out by searching the following databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Online System for Searching and Analyzing Medical Literature (MEDLINE), Latin American Literature and Caribbean in Health Sciences (LILACS), and Public Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (PubMed).The following descriptors were used: History of neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, together with the Boolean operator “AND”. In addition, the descriptors History of Neurosurgery and Robotics were used between the Boolean operator “AND”. In this sense, in order to establish a linearity of the narrative presented, the evolution of neurosurgery in five eras was didactically separated.
Conclusion Neurosurgery, throughout history, has undergone several transformations. There was a series of events that made neurosurgery one of the most evolutionary and progressive sciences. This is because technology combined with scientific knowledge was, in fact, what made it possible to get where we are. In this sense, the studied ages allow the comprehension of a history that needs to be understood and valued by all students of the neurological and neurosurgical sciences.
O conceito mais amplo de saúde é o equilíbrio dinâmico, entre o organismo e seu ambiente, mantendo as características estruturais e funcionais do organismo nos limites considerados normais para o seu ciclo vital. Mas a definição de saúde requer outros pontos de vista: legal, social e econômico. Esta é definida pela Organização mundial de Saúde (OMS), como 'o estado de completo bem-estar físico, mental e social, e não apenas a ausência de doenças'. Ou seja, chegamos a uma questão simples, mas paradoxal: alguém no nosso país tem saúde? Parece-nos que, por melhor que sejam as condições de vida do indivíduo, é possível que ele não goze plenamente de saúde. Pois mesmo morando em uma mansão, mas se estiver psicologicamente abalado com a queda da Bolsa de Valores, não terá saúde. Assim, saúde aparenta ser um estado momentâneo e até mesmo fugaz. Então, devemos nos ater no prolongamento deste estado de saúde, pois nos parece impossível ter na prática saúde plena. Dito isso, é preciso incentivar estudos que tragam contribuições, por menores que sejam para a melhoria da qualidade de vida das pessoas. Deste modo, devemos focar nos pilares dessa saúde: a alimentação e a higiene, que pode prevenir doenças e agravos. Esta obra trás um pouco de algumas áreas das Ciências da Saúde, como amostra do quão complexo é essa área do conhecimento, principalmente quando aplicada à saúde humana.
Introduction: Parry-Romberg syndrome is also known as progressive hemifacial atrophy. It, which is characterized by a unilateral atrophy of the skin, soft tissue, muscles, and/or bones of the face, is a variant of linear morphea or an independent disorder. It has sporadic neurocutaneous involvement, occasionally it can even involve the central nervous system (CNS). In this condition, facial atrophy may be accompanied by classic linear morphea lesions on the face or elsewhere. Parry-Romberg syndrome is an uncommon disorder, more common in females, usually manifested in the first decade of life, but its etiology remains unknown.Case Report: A woman with 49 years old, seeking neurological care due to epileptic seizures that started 21 years ago. The crises described were mostly focal, with compromised consciousness, symptomatology related to the temporal lobe with automatisms and sensory
AutoresO conteúdo dos livros e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores. Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais.
Introduction: Epileptic encephalopathies are entities where epileptic activity is so intense that it contributes to cognitive and behavioral impairment. There are several syndromes that fall into this category such as: West syndrome, Ohtahara syndrome, Dravet syndrome, Doose syndrome and Landau-Kleffner syndrome. Objective: presentation of the clinical indications of the ketogenic diet (CD) as a therapeutic measure in childhood refractory epilepsies, demonstrating the efficacy and side effects expected from this practice. Methodology: a narrative review of the scientific literature (PUBMED and SCIELO) was carried out, with a selection of articles published in the last ten years, also considering renowned magazines and newspapers in the areas of Clinical Neurology, Neuropediatrics and epilepsy. Results: A randomized and controlled clinical trial, conducted in children aged 2 to 16 years with refractory epilepsy, demonstrated that after 3 months, 38% of patients using CD had more than 50% reduction in seizures, compared with four ( 6%) of the control group (p <00001). Corroborating this finding, a Brazilian study demonstrated that 60% of patients with refractory epilepsy and using CD had more than 50% reduction in seizure frequency and 10% were seizure-free. Conclusions: The use of the ketogenic diet demonstrated a favorable result in children with epilepsy refractory to drug treatment. In cases of deficiency in the type 1 glucose transporter and deficiency of pyruvate dehydrogenase, CD should be the treatment of first choice. In cases such as Dravet’s Syndrome, West’s Syndrome, Ohtahara’s Syndrome, Lennox- Gastaut Syndrome and DC Dose Syndrome is part of the therapeutic arsenal.
Introduction: Optogenetic neuromodulation describes a contemporary technique of brain modulation that has been increasingly studied, both in the field of genetic engineering and in neuroscience, for the treatment of diseases such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, parkinson and essential tremor. Through it, we seek to alter neurons, making them sensitive to light stimulation. For this, viral vectors are used to insert opsin genes into neural tissue. Objective: to describe the most recent scientific findings related to the use of DBS using Optogenetics techniques. Methodology: use of databases, SCIELO, PUBMED, LILACS and American Association of Neurological Surgeons using the following descriptors: Genetic Engineering. Deep Brain Stimulation. Optogenetics. Rhodopsins. Results: The use and Deep Brain Stimulantion (DBS) or Pronfunda Cerebral Stimulation (ECP) for therapeutic intervention in patients with movement disorders is performed through the insertion of a tungsten wire in specific areas of the central nervous system with the passage of electric current from microampers for milliseconds. However, over time, this causes plasticity, associated with gliosis and loss of DBS effectiveness. In addition, scientific evidence shows that cerebral neuromodulation by optogenetics in patients with dystonia, depression and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is also already a reality with significant and approved results. Conclusions: Optognetics can replace classic DBS for the treatment of several neurological comorbidities with safety and space-time precision, with minimal side effects, when compared with that technique.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.