Corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies are evidenced by adopting socially relevant business practices for people, communities, companies, and related institutions. Based on this conception, the present work determines the incidence of ethics and CSR on practices regarding diversity, environment, and community of Chilean companies. The method, applied to a sample of 3179 Chilean companies, was descriptive and correlational. Results demonstrate an incipient level of standardization in the adoption of social responsibility practices. The dimension regarding diversity presented a higher cumulative correlation coefficient, which could lead to a change in CSR practices. It is concluded that the collective impact of the ethics and CSR policies was positive and significant in the adoption of practices related to diversity, environment, and community.
The diversity of the board of directors continues to be a matter of concern for investors, regulators, and the general public. In this sense, the purpose of the research presented was to identify whether there is a positive and significant impact between the diverse variables of the board of directors and the financial performance of the firms. In this context, the study’s objective was to determine if the diversity in the composition of the boards of directors has a positive and significant impact on the financial performance of the companies listed in the Chilean stock market. The study considered a sample of 1106 reports on social responsibility and sustainable development between the 2015–2020 period and their respective returns. The research was descriptive-correlational, which determined the incidence of gender, nationality, and age diversity in the financial performance of the firms. The results show, in general, a low degree of gender and nationality diversity in Chilean boards. However, a positive and significant impact is observed in the commercial sector, nationality diversity, and the construction and gender diversity axis. In this regard, the study allows confirming the heterogeneity of results by linking the variables of diversity and financial performance and the importance of conducting sufficiently disaggregated studies to understand the relationship between both types of variables. Finally, this study updates the diversity levels of the board of directors for the Chilean stock market and establishes challenges for the regulator in terms of gender quotas and good corporate governance practices.
Social movements and the consequences of the current health crisis resulting from COVID-19 have deepened social injustices and inequities, which can be addressed through the benchmarks set by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This research is related to the perspective of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) as social transformation agents. The purpose of this research is to create a scale to measure students’ perception of the social responsibilities developed by HEIs from the SDGs’ perspective. A matrix solution was found after Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) composed of four dimensions. The constructs that form the four dimensions can be used to design strategies which contribute to the SDGs’ goals, for which it is necessary to have the opinions of the actors that are part of the educational community. Future research should consider carrying out comparative studies according to sociodemographic variables for a better understanding of the social phenomenon.
corporativo de 204 sociedades chilenas durante el período 2015 -2019. Para ello se realizó un análisis descriptivocorrelacional, generando árboles de correlaciones significativas y regresiones que determinan la relación entre variables. Los resultados muestran la existencia de correlaciones significativas entre la diversidad de los directorios, en relación con las variables que clasifican a los accionistas y las que definen la gestión de riesgos. Se aprecia que la diversidad de género incide positiva y significativamente en la adopción de prácticas de gobierno corporativo. Además, la diversidad de nacionalidad incide positiva y significativamente en las prácticas relacionadas con la dimensión accionistas y también con la gestión de riesgos. Se concluye que la diversidad de género y nacionalidad fomentan la adopción de buenas prácticas de gobierno corporativo.
The purpose of the study was to determine if the diversity of gender, nationality, and age has a positive and significant effect on adopting corporate governance practices. The study considered 1106 corporate social responsibility and corporate governance reports from 2015 to 2020. The research was of the descriptive–correlational type, with a longitudinal temporality, considering in the first instance an analysis of the disaggregated descriptive statistics to later determine if the diversity of gender, nationality, and age of the board affects the adoption of corporate governance practices. The results show a low degree of diversity and stagnation in the analyzed period. Regarding the adoption of corporate governance practices, these are in an incipient stage, and the most liquid companies in the Chilean stock market are the ones that have advanced the most during the period. It is concluded that gender diversity has a positive and significant impact on the degree of adoption of corporate governance practices, operation, and composition of the board of directors, and protection of shareholders, while the diversity of nationality has a positive and significant impact on the adoption of related practices to risk management. Finally, the study confirms the heterogeneity of results by linking board diversity variables versus non-financial variables.
Paola I. Escalona Sepúlveda, Roberto M. Campos Troncoso y Felipe E. Arenas Torres, Emprendimiento, trabajos por cuenta propia y desempleo en la Región del Maule, Chile entre los años 2010-2016. Autoctonía. Revista de Ciencias Sociales e Historia, Vol. III, N°1 68Resumen Esta investigación correlaciona las variables: trabajos por cuenta propia, tasa de desempleo y la creación de microempresas en la región del Maule. Tomando como fuentes secundarias los datos entregados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y los datos de empresas pertenecientes a la base de datos del Servicio de Impuestos Internos de Chile. El propósito principal, fue determinar si existen correlaciones entre la tasa de desempleo, los trabajos por cuentas propia y la creación de microempresas. Según las cifras revisadas, en la Región del Maule, existe una relación inversa entre desempleo y trabajos por cuenta propia, no obstante no se puede afirmar lo mismo a nivel desagregado por ciudad, ni tampoco en la relación trabajos por cuenta propia y emprendimientos.Palabras Claves: Cuenta propia, informalidad laboral, desempleo, emprendimiento. AbstractThis research demonstrates the correlation between the following variables: self-employment, unemployment rate and the creation of micro-enterprises in the Maule region. Secondary sources were provided by the Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas and from companies whose data is stored with the Servicio de Impuestos Internos of Chile. The main purpose of this research, was to determine whether there are statistical correlations between the unemployment rate, self-employed jobs and the creation of micro-enterprises. According to the revised figures, in the Maule region, there is an inverse relationship between unemployment and self-employment, however the same cannot be said at the level disaggregated by city, nor in the relationship between self-employment and entrepreneurship. Emprendimiento, trabajos por cuenta propia y desempleo en la Región del Maule, Chile entre los años 2010-2016Entrepreneurship, self-employment and unemployment in the Maule Region, Chile between the years 2010-2016Emprendimiento, trabajos por cuenta propia y desempleo en la Región del Maule, Chile entre los años Emprendimiento, trabajos por cuenta propia y desempleo en la Región del Maule, Chile entre los años
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar si la adopción de prácticas de gobierno corporativo incide positiva y significativamente en la rentabilidad de las empresas chilenas. El estudio consideró una muestra de 903 reportes entre los años 2015 y 2019. La investigación del tipo descriptivo – correlacional, demuestra un grado de adopción incipiente a nivel de mercado y sectores económicos, aumentando la heterogeneidad de resultados respecto a la relación entre el gobierno corporativo y el desempeño financiero. La incidencia significativa se alcanza en algunos sectores económicos, respecto a las categorías funcionamiento del consejo de administración y evaluación por un tercero independiente.
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