New folic acid-conjugated mesoporous silica nanoparticles were synthesized. The effect of calcination at 400°C on the fluorescence characteristics of mesoporous silica nanoparticles were studied in this work. The formed carbon dots (CDs) from calcination were used as the source of fluorescence. 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane was then used to amine-functionalized the fluorescent surface of mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The amine fluorescence mesoporous silica nanoparticles (amine-FMSNs) were coupled with folic acid (FA) as the target ligand (FA-amine-FMSNs). A palladium complex was also synthesized and encapsulated in the FA-amine-FMSNs yielded fluorescent property with therapeutic effect. The in vitro release of an entrapped palladium complex from FA-amine-FMSNs was studied under physiological conditions. According to the cell viability assay on HeLa (positive FR) and Hep-G2 (negative FR) cells, the targeted delivery system inhibited the growth of positive FR with higher selectivity compared with negative FR cells. Also, the emission CDs were used for fluorescence microscopic imaging. To confirm anti-cancer activity of the palladium complex, the interaction between palladium complex and G-quadruplex DNA were investigated with multi-spectroscopic methods and molecular modeling. The molecular docking studies showed a partial intercalation mode with a 4.27 × 10 M binding constant.
Background: The immune system plays an extensive role in eliminating tumor cells. On the other hand, low-dose irradiation stimulates the immune system.Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic outcomes of localized high-dose radiotherapy (LH) alone and combined with total body low-dose irradiation (TB).
Material and Methods:In this experimental study, B16F0 tumor cells were injected into the right flank of C57JL/6 mice. The mice were treated with LH alone (13 Gy X-rays to the tumor surface) (LH group) or combined with TB (85 mGy Xrays at the skin) (TB+LH group). Then the tumor volume, the mice's lifespan, the number of lymphocytes extracted from the spleen, and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production were measured.Results: Reduced number of lymphocytes, compared to non-irradiated mice (control group), was observed in LH and TB+LH groups. However, the identical number of cultured lymphocytes produced a higher level of IFN-γ in irradiated groups. Comparing the irradiated groups, the number of lymphocytes and their IFN-γ production, tumor growth control, and the mice's lifespan were statistically higher in TB+LH group.
Conclusion:Observing a higher level of IFN-γ in TB+LH group compared to LH group indicates that low-dose radiation enhanced the stimulating effects of high-dose radiation on the immune system. It caused the mice in TB+LH group to have a more prolonged lifespan and a lower tumor growth rate. Therefore, it is worth our attention for future studies to investigate whether total body low-dose irradiation can be utilized before radiotherapy to enhance its efficiency.
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