The current study was aimed (1) to study the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Artemisia turcomanica leaf extract, (2) to investigate the induction of apoptosis by biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles in gastric cancer cell line (AGS) and (3) to compare their anti-cancer potential with commercial silver nanoparticles. The specification and morphology of the phytosynthesized AgNPs were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The nanoparticles synthesized were of an average size of 22 nm. The cytotoxicity of biological and commercial nanoparticles was investigated in gastric cancer cells (AGS) as well as normal fibroblast cells (L-929) by MTT assay. By increasing the concentration of phytosynthesized and commercial silver nanoparticles, a decrease was observed in the cell viability. Increased apoptosis was observed in the cells treated with biological silver nanoparticles compared to untreated cells (p < .001). Based on these findings, it was inferred that biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles induced apoptosis, and showed a cytotoxic and anti-cancer effect against gastric cancer cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Biologically synthesized nanoparticles may possess higher anti-cancer properties than commercial silver nanoparticles.

IntroductionColorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with nearly one million new cases identified annually. Different factors might cause colorectal cancer, one of the most prevalent cancers among both men and women. Viral aetiology in cancerous malignancies is a very important issue and so far a number of viral strains have been identified as tumour oncogene viruses. Viral infections, such as human papillomavirus (HPV), have recently been suggested as a risk factor for colorectal cancer. However, the aetiology of the disease is still unknown.AimTo assessed the association between HPV infection and colorectal cancer.Material and methodsIn this study, 50 cancer tissue samples and 50 samples without colon cancer were studied in order to identify HPV through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of 42 adenocarcinomas, 10 were well differentiated, 30 moderated differentiated, and 2 were poorly differentiated. DNA extraction was verified by beta globin gene amplification; specific PCR was carried out based on HPV L1 consensus primers MY09/MY11.ResultsHPV DNA was not identified in any of the normal, adenocarcinoma, or adenoma samples.ConclusionsIn contrast with previous studies, the current research failed to establish a relationship between HPV infection and the incidence of colon cancer. Considering the existing inconsistencies, it is recommended that further studies be conducted with larger sample size.

Background: The association of colorectal cancer with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a controversial issue in cancer research. This study aimed to identify the HCMV virus in colorectal cancer tissues and to investigate the association of HCMV with colorectal cancer. In this study, 50 cancer tissue samples and 50 samples without colon cancer were studied in order to identify the HCMV virus through nested-polymerase chain reaction. The cases of adenocarcinoma tissues were in a moderately differentiated stage, and 7 cases had well-differentiated of p<0.05. The HCMV virus could play a role in creating malignancy and the progress of cancer through the process of oncomodulation. 1455 DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.3 .1453 Detection of Human Cytomegalovirus in Patients with Colorectal Cancer by Nested-PCRadenocarcinoma tissues in the moderately differentiated stage and 7 cases in the well-differentiated stage were DiscussionIn vitro transform cells, and cause disruption along many cell to other studies on colorectal cancer, which point to a results, including; study limitations and methodology, kept in formalin for a long time will fail when compared to cell in the early stages of the infection, then transforms the in cancerous cells, cell cycle progress, stimulating intracellular signalling pathway, and increasing telomerase and more importantly, resistance against chemotherapy

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Colorectal cancer is an often fatal cancer with a rapidly increasing incidence. Current mortality is estimated to be approximately 600,000 per year, and both environmental and genetic factors are involved in its etiology. Viral and bacterial factors have a proven role in the incidence of approximately 20% of cancers. In the present study, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was detected in 50 colorectal adenocarcinomas, 12 colon adenomas, and 38 control tissue samples using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Epstein-Barr virus DNA was identified in 19 of the adenocarcinoma tissues, 1 adenoma tissue and 24 control specimens. In total, 15.8% (3/18) of the colorectal samples in the well-differentiated grade, 79% (15/30) in the moderately differentiated, and 5.2% (1/2) in the poorly differentiated grade tested positive for viral infection. Epstein-Barr virus was more prevalent in the moderately differentiated grade. Statistical analysis did not suggest a significant association between EBV and the incidence of colorectal cancer. However, it appears that the virus stimulates progression of the malignancy.

Background and Objective:The aim of this study was to compare the cytotoxic effects of local probiotic bacteria, including Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus brevis, while isolated from "Tarkhine" food and the induction of apoptosis in the HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell line and normal fibroblasts.Methods: HT-29 and L-929 cell lines were treated with cell-bound exopolysaccharide extract (cb-EPS) from L. paracasei and L. brevis. The MTT assay was used to analyze cell viability. Cellular apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation assay.Results: The cb-EPS from both probiotic bacteria prevented the proliferation of HT-29 colon cancer cells. In addition, the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects of the exopolysaccharide extract from both bacteria in L-929 fibroblasts were much lower than HT-29 cells. The induction of apoptosis in HT-29 cells was observed at 48h compared with 72h. It seems that the exopolysaccharides extracted from both bacteria have a greater effect on the induction of apoptosis at 48h. The cb-EPS of L. brevis showed more potent anti-proliferative and apoptotic properties than the cb-EPS of L. paracasei. The ladder pattern of DNA fragmentation confirmed the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. Conclusion:The results of the MTT assay and apoptosis indicate that the induction of apoptosis by the exopolysaccharide from bacteria depends on the dose, time, and strain of bacteria. Further studies may contribute toward the understanding of using these probiotic bacteria as biological products to treat and prevent cancers. Lactobacillus,Probiotic, Apoptosis HT-29 Cells

Apoptosis induction in cancer cells is one of the most efficient ways to treat cancer and find anticancer compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of heat-killed indigenous probiotic bacteria and apoptosis induction in the HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell line. The growth-inhibitory effects of probiotic heat-killed Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus paracasei isolated from the traditional Iranian food “Terxine” on the HT-29 cell line were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Flow cytometry by Annexin-FITC kit, DNA fragmentation assay, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and the expression of Bax, Bcl2, caspase-3, and caspase-9 were used to analyze apoptosis. MTT results demonstrated that the heat-killed bacteria inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cells and induced apoptosis in a time-, dose-, and strain-dependent manner. The results demonstrated that both bacteria could induce apoptosis in the HT-29 cell line. Heat-killed probiotic bacteria increased the expression of Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 mRNA levels in HT-29 cell lines. Also, heat-killed probiotic bacteria reduced the expression of Bcl2 in HT-29 cells. The heat-killed probiotic bacteria in this study exhibited potent growth inhibitory effects on cancer cells. The results demonstrated that L. brevis has a greater ability to inhibit the growth of HT-29 cells and induce apoptosis, compared with L. paracasei. It is proposed that these bacteria can be used as biological products for the treatment and prevention of cancer, pending further investigation.