Background and Objective:The aim of this study was to compare the cytotoxic effects of local probiotic bacteria, including Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus brevis, while isolated from "Tarkhine" food and the induction of apoptosis in the HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell line and normal fibroblasts.Methods: HT-29 and L-929 cell lines were treated with cell-bound exopolysaccharide extract (cb-EPS) from L. paracasei and L. brevis. The MTT assay was used to analyze cell viability. Cellular apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation assay.Results: The cb-EPS from both probiotic bacteria prevented the proliferation of HT-29 colon cancer cells. In addition, the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects of the exopolysaccharide extract from both bacteria in L-929 fibroblasts were much lower than HT-29 cells. The induction of apoptosis in HT-29 cells was observed at 48h compared with 72h. It seems that the exopolysaccharides extracted from both bacteria have a greater effect on the induction of apoptosis at 48h. The cb-EPS of L. brevis showed more potent anti-proliferative and apoptotic properties than the cb-EPS of L. paracasei. The ladder pattern of DNA fragmentation confirmed the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. Conclusion:The results of the MTT assay and apoptosis indicate that the induction of apoptosis by the exopolysaccharide from bacteria depends on the dose, time, and strain of bacteria. Further studies may contribute toward the understanding of using these probiotic bacteria as biological products to treat and prevent cancers. Lactobacillus,Probiotic, Apoptosis HT-29 Cells

A highly sensitive quinoline based “dual” chemosensor used for fluorometric detection of Zn2+, live-cell imaging, and colorimetric detection of Co2+.

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The aim of this study was to green synthesised silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using leaf extract and investigate the cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects of these nanoparticles in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The characteristics and morphology of the green synthesised AgNPs were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The MTT assay was used to investigate the anti-proliferative activity of biosynthesised nanoparticles in MCF-7 cells. Apoptosis test was performed using flow cytometry and expression of caspase 3 and 9 genes. The spherical AgNPs with an average size of 19.17 nm were synthesised. The results showed that biosynthesised AgNPs exhibited cytotoxicity, anti-cancer, apoptosis induction, and increased expression of genes encoding for caspases 3 and 9 in MCF-7 cancer cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. It seems that green synthesised AgNPs have potential uses for pharmaceutical industries.

The graphene oxide nanosheets can act as a nanocarrier for the delivery of therapeutic agents. The PEGylated GO has high solubility, good stability, and more biocompatibility in physiological solutions. In this study, the anticancer effects of synthesized GO-PEG as a drug nanocarrier evaluated to estimate the synergistic cytotoxic effect of drugs loaded on this type of nanocarrier and to determine the actual effect of any drugs encapsulated on it. The cytotoxic effects of GO-PEG nanosheets were evaluated on HeLa cell line by MTT assay. The results exhibited cytotoxic property of PEGylated GO drug nanocarrier significantly is dose dependent and incubation time dependent.

The strategy of drug encapsulation with biocompatible polymeric nanocapsules could be a promising approach to improve the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs for cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the drug delivery of tamoxifen from biocompatible nanocapsules made of poly (D,L-lactide) (PLA) c o r e a n d 1 , 2 -d i p a l m i t o y l -s n -g l y c e r o -3phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethyleneglycol)-2000] (DPPE-PEG) shell in the treatment of breast cancer.The analytical techniques such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM were used to investigate the structure of nanocapsules. Tamoxifen drug encapsulation efficiency and loading percentages as well as release kinetics at different pH values and temperatures were used to confirm the appropriate performance of these novel nanocapsules. The maximum tamoxifen release occurred at 40°C, pH = 4. Based on the SEM and TEM images, the sizes of nanocapsules were between 57 and 159 nm. In order to investigate the anticancer effects and cytotoxicity of encapsulated tamoxifen in PLA/DPPE-PEG nanocapsules, the tetrazolium-based colorimetric (MTT) assay and cell cycle arrest analysis on MCF-7 breast cancer cell were performed. Also, cell cycle-related gene expressions of p53 and p21 in treated MCF-7 cells with tamoxifen-loaded PLA/DPPE-PEG nanocapsules were evaluated. The results of MTT cell proliferation experiments exhibited an increase in the cytotoxicity of tamoxifen nanocapsules on MCF-7 cell line compared with free tamoxifen. The 1.2-fold increase in the G1 stage compared with the control group in the cell cycle arrest protocol as well as the notable overexpression of p53 and p21 genes suggested that these nanocapsules arrested cell cycle in MCF-7 cells.

Since organotin complexes have been reported to show fewer side effects relative to other heavy metal anticancer compounds, in the present study we report for the first time four novel organotin(IV) derivatives with the general formula R 2 SnL 2 , where R = methyl (1), n-butyl (2), phenyl (3), benzyl (4) and L = morpholine-1-carbodithioate (MCDT). The newly synthesized ligand was monodentate or bidentate, coordinating through a sulfur atom. The complexes were synthesized by directly mixing, refluxing and stirring the ligand, with diorganotin(IV) dichlorides in a suitable solvent. The complexes were found to be pure and their solid and solution phase structural configuration was investigated by FT-IR, multinuclear NMR ( 1 H, 13 C, 119 Sn) and mass spectrometry. Complex 2 was also studied for its thermal decomposition by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The results obtained on the basis of these techniques are in full concurrence with the proposed 1:2 (Sn:L) stoichiometry. The cytotoxic activity of the MCDT and diorganotin(IV) complexes (1-4) was tested against tumor cell lineshuman cervix carcinoma HeLa and human myelogenous leukemia K562and normal immunocompetent cells: peripheral blood mononuclear cells PBMC. Results of bioassay demonstrated that organotin derivatives were in general more active than the anticancer drug cisplatin.

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