Aroma of essential oil of geraniums can effectively reduce anxiety during labor and can be recommended as a non-invasive anti-anxiety aid during childbirth.

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is an endocrine disorder with many complications. This syndrome is a growing concern among adolescents around the world, with varying reports of its prevalence in different parts of the world. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents by a systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: In this study, a search for published articles with an English language limitation and without a time limit was done in different databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, Emabse and Cochrane) in January 2019. The 12 studies that met the criteria for entering a qualitative assessment scale of 5 and higher were subjected to systematic review and meta-analysis. Egger and Begg’s tests were used to check the publication bias. Data were analyzed with STATA software, version 11.1. Results: Twelve studies were included for meta-analysis. The total number of participants in the study was 149,477. The average quality score of all studies was 8.67 (range: 5–10). The prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome in adolescents based on the Rotterdam criteria was 11.04% (95% CI: 6.84–16.09%), based on the National Institute of Health criteria, it was 3.39% (95% CI: 0.28–9.54%), and based on Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society, it was 8.03% (95% CI: 6.24–10.01%). Conclusion: The result of this study showed that there is a variation in the prevalence of PCOS in adolescents based on different criteria; we suggest more community-based studies among adolescences in different parts of the world.

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BackgroundStriae are a common change during pregnancy, leaving striae in various body parts after delivery, which most women find unpleasant. They create a big aesthetic concern for most women. Although striae do not endanger the mother and the fetus, they may cause a desire to scratch the region leading to small wounds, induce stress over beauty, decrease self-confidence, and create psychological disorders. They may try various treatments and often refer to dermatology clinics and receive long-term treatments; these time-consuming and costly behaviors and may affect their quality of life.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life in Iranian postpartum women with and without striae gravidarum.Materials and MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 145 women who had referred to health centers of Mashhad to receive post-delivery health care six weeks after delivery during year 2013. Multi-stage sampling was applied to select the participants. The tools used were demographic, SF-36 quality of life, Skindex29, Atwal and Fitzpatrick classification questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the SPSS V.11.5 software.ResultsThe subjects’ mean age was 26.3 ± 5.7. Mann-Whitney test showed there was a significant difference between mean of Skindex29 and its dimensions (P < 0.001), general life quality (P < 0.001) in women with and without striae. Mann-Whitney test showed no significant difference between mean general quality of life dimension, except physical function in women with and without striae (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe results showed that striae lead to reduced quality of general life and reduced skin quality index in women postpartum.

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Introduction: Primary dysmenorrhea is considered as one of the main problems in women. This review study aimed to characterize the effect of micronutrients on primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: In this systematic and meta‐analysis study, the articles were searched at Cochrane library, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science databases. The searching process was conducted with the key terms related to dysmenorrhea and micronutrients. Risk of bias assessment was performed, using Rev Man 5.3 software. In view of the heterogeneity of some of the studies, they were analyzed, using a qualitative method (n=10), and only 6 studies were included in Meta analyze. STATA statistical software version 11 was used for the analysis. Results: In this study, finally 16 clinical trials were investigated. Most micronutrients studied in the relevant articles had anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties with a desirable effect on dysmenorrhea pain relief. Vitamins (K, D, B1, and E) and calcium, magnesium, zinc sulfate and boron contributed effectively to dysmenorrhea pain management. Two months after the intervention, there was a significant mean decrease in the pain score for the vitamin D intervention group (SMD: -1.02, 95% CI: -1.9 to – 0.14, P =0.024) , as well as in the vitamin E intervention group compared to placebo group (SMD: - 0.47,95% CI:-0.74 to – 0.2, P = 0.001). Conclusion: Despite the paucity of related research, the studies indicated the potential effects of micronutrients on reducing the pain severity in primary dysmenorrhea. But more studies are needed to confirm the safety and effectiveness of various types of micronutrients on primary dysmenorrhea.

Introduction: Women's screening beliefs play an important role in their performance. Since a short form questionnaire is necessary in the assessment of screening beliefs in Iranian society, this study was conducted with the aim of psychometric evaluation of the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire (BCSBQ) among Iranian women. Methods: In this cross-sectional methodological study, 300 Iranian women who were aged 18 years or older, and who were attending healthcare centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, were selected in 2017-18. After a backward-forward translation procedure of BCSBQ was carried out, the face, content and construct validity of breast cancer-screening beliefs questionnaire were evaluated. In addition, the reliability was measured using the Cronbach's alpha and intra class correlation coefficients. Results: The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to extract three distinct factors, including: attitude, knowledge, and barriers to screening. The three-factor model fit was accepted for all factors based on standard indices (RMSEA = 0.12, χ2 = 2.832, GFI = 0.87, AGFI = 0.8, CFI = 0.94, NFI = 0.92). In addition, the instrument’s reliability was measured using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The instrument had an appropriate Cronbach alpha (0.78). The interclass correlation coefficient was obtained to be 0.93 within a range of 0.83-0.97. Conclusion: The three-factor structure of the BCSBQ-12 had appropriate validity and reliability among Iranian women. Considering its appropriate psychometric properties, this instrument can be employed in subsequent studies to measure women's breast cancer screening beliefs in Iran.

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