Translation and Psychometric Testing Persian Version of Breast Cancer Screening Belief Questionnaire (BCSBQ) in Iranian Women

Abstract

Introduction: Women's screening beliefs play an important role in their performance. Since a short form questionnaire is necessary in the assessment of screening beliefs in Iranian society, this study was conducted with the aim of psychometric evaluation of the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire (BCSBQ) among Iranian women. Methods: In this cross-sectional methodological study, 300 Iranian women who were aged 18 years or older, and who were attending healthcare centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, were selected in 2017-18. After a backward-forward translation procedure of BCSBQ was carried out, the face, content and construct validity of breast cancer-screening beliefs questionnaire were evaluated. In addition, the reliability was measured using the Cronbach's alpha and intra class correlation coefficients. Results: The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to extract three distinct factors, including: attitude, knowledge, and barriers to screening. The three-factor model fit was accepted for all factors based on standard indices (RMSEA = 0.12, χ2 = 2.832, GFI = 0.87, AGFI = 0.8, CFI = 0.94, NFI = 0.92). In addition, the instrument’s reliability was measured using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The instrument had an appropriate Cronbach alpha (0.78). The interclass correlation coefficient was obtained to be 0.93 within a range of 0.83-0.97. Conclusion: The three-factor structure of the BCSBQ-12 had appropriate validity and reliability among Iranian women. Considering its appropriate psychometric properties, this instrument can be employed in subsequent studies to measure women's breast cancer screening beliefs in Iran.

Retracted Article: Long non-coding RNA NEAT1 accelerates cell progression in cervical cancer by regulating the miR-889-3p/E2F7 axis through the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway

“…3 The symptoms of CC normally occur at the advanced stage, leading to the vitiation of the optimum treatment time and high mortality, particularly in developing countries. 4,5 In addition, smoking, age, race and secondary malignancies caused by invasiveness are critical risk factors of poor prognosis. 6 Therefore, the discovery of novel biomarkers is imperative for the therapy of CC.…”

The Relationship of Women's Cervical Cancer Screening Beliefs With Their Beliefs on HPV Vaccine

“…SaeiGhare Naz ve arkadaşları İranlı kadınlarla yaptıkları çalışmada kadınların rahim ağzı kanseri taraması puan ortalamasını 90.1±14.5 olarak bulmuştur. 26 Bu araştırmada kadınların aynı ölçekten aldıkları puan ortalamasının 93.00±11.5 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları paralellik göstermektedir.…”

“…Kadınların sosyal tutumlarından etkilenen birçok faktör, kadınların serviks kanseri için risk altında olmadıklarına inanmalarına neden olmaktadır. 26 Bu nedenle kadınların serviks kanseri, Papsmear ve çeşitli eğitim müdahaleleri ile ilgili tarama inançlarının belirlenmesi, kadın sağlığının geliştirilmesinde ve serviks kanserine bağlı ölümlerin azaltılmasında önemli rol oynayabileceği düşünülebilir.…”

Knowledge, attitudes, and practice of the Pap smear test in female college students attending a global university in the United States

“…A recent 2018 systemic review by Saei Ghare Naz et al examined 37 articles with 15,658 female participants in different parts of the world to review educational interventions for cervical cancer screening behavior of women. They found that different interventions, such as postcards, consultation sessions, picture books, videos, PowerPoint slides, small group discussions, educational brochures, lecture presentations, and fact sheets, were effective in modifying cervical cancer behavior of women (Saei Ghare Naz et al, 2018). Clinicians would choose the educational materials that best met the needs of their diverse female population.…”